exam 1 fund Flashcards by ember thane

acute illness

develops suddenly and resolves in short time

ex: flu or cold

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chronic illness

develops slowly and cant be cured; long-lasting

ex:hypertension or diabetes

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transition stage

vague symptoms, deny feeling ill

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acceptance stage

accepts illness, seeks doctor, cant continue daily duties

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convalescence stage

recovering

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what does parasympathetic mean

rest and digest

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alarm stage

a stressor presents itself HORMONE RELEASE MOBOLIZES THE BODIES DEFENSE

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stage of resistance

body fights for equilibruium

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what are some esamples of stress related diseases and disorders

headaches, cancer, allergies, lower back pain

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stage of exhaustion

stressor never goes away and now patient is in critical care or dead

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“forgetting” something or blocking it out as coping

repression

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refusing to accept or acknowledge anxiety causing thoughts

denial

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blaming ones own unconscious impulse on someone else

projection

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reacting the opposite way you feel towards someone ( kill them with kindness)

reaction-formation

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returning to an earlier level of adaption when threatened

regression

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unconsciously falsifying an experience to justify an unpleasant experience

rationalization

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blood cultures do what

a test to tell you what type of microorganism is present

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infection chain in order

causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transfer, portal of entry, susceptible host

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what is the prevention when you avoid or delay illness; vaccines, not smoking, working out

primary prevention

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what prevention includes following screening guidelines; TB screenings, PAP smears

secondary prevention

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what prevention includes rehabilitation

tertiary prevention

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first lines of defense include

intact skin, cilia, secretions, kupffer cells

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second line of defense include

increased white blood cells, inflammation, fever,

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what chemicals are released to help with inflammation

serotonin and histamine

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natural acquired immunity

body produces antibodies once microorganism presents itself | ex: chickenpox, varicella

naturally acquired passive immunity

baby receives antibodies from mom

artificially acquired immunity

vaccines

asepsis

process of making environment and obj clean from microorganisms

medical asepsis

practice of reducing microorganisms | ex:wiping down surfaces, Foley care

surgical asepsis

practice of preparing and handling materials in a way that prevents the patients exposure to living microorganism ex: inserting IV, hand scrub

how long do you scrub your hands for?

15-30 seconds

how long can your nails be?

1/4 past finger tip

when do you use standard precautions? what are some ways to practice standard precautions?

on every patient. | hand hygiene, gloves, mask, linens, patient care

the four most common multidrug resistant organisms are

MRSA, VRE, ESBL, and C. diff

what are the modes of transfer

direct personal contact, indirect contact, vectors, the droplet infection, and the spread of infection from one part of the body to the another

which mask do you wear when coming into contact with airborne pathogen ex:flu or meningitis

surgical mask

what mask do you wear when coming into contact with airborne microorganisms ex: TB

N95

4 stages of infection (only need to know three)

incubation period, illness period, convalescent period

what happens during the incubation period

pathogen enters body (small symptoms)

what happens during the illness period

seeks treatment from doctor

what happens during the convalescent period

recovery

ADPIE

``` A-assessment D-diagnosis P-plan I-implementation E-evaluation ```

what are some hazards of improper alignment and positioning

pressure injuries, frozen joints, fluid collection

what does gait mean?

a style of walking

supine position

laying on back ex: spinal surgery, or cardiac catheter

fowler positioning

bed is 60-90 degrees

semi-fowler positioning

bed is 30-60 degrees

dorsal recumbent position

laying on back with knees flexed and soles of feet flat on ground

lithotomy postition

laying on back with ankles raised in air

sims position

side laying position

prone position

patient is laying face down

knne-chest position

chest, elbows, and knees are on bed and thighs are perpendicular to bed

what are some positioning devices

pillows, boots, side rails, bed boards, foot boards

active ROM

independently performed

passive ROM

need help performing certain moves

stage 1 of pressure injury

intact skin,does not blanch, red or deep pink color

stage 2 of a pressure injury

partial thickness, appears as a ruptured blister, broken skin

stage 3 of pressure injury

deep crater, undermining and tunneling

stage 4 of pressure injury

damage to muscle and/or bone, appear black and dry, eschar

unstageable pressure injury

base of injury covered by eschar

deep tissue pressure injury

looks like stage one but has purple coloration instead of red

if someone ingests poison what steps do you take

know name of product patients age amount ingested and symptoms or complaints

what kind of pressure is in the heart when it has the maximum of pressure

systolic pressure

what kind of pressure is in the heart when it has the least amount of pressure

diastolic pressure

if a patient has a heart rate of 120 and a blood pressure of 80/40 what could they have

dehydration or a hemorrhage

what is a normal blood pressure

120/80

what is a normal heart rate between

60-100

if someone has a heart disease what is a way you could describe their heart rhythm? what about volume?

irregular, thready

in older adults if their temp is 97 degrees F and then changes to 99.2 degrees F. what would be present?

a fever would be present

normal respiration for a patient would be

12-20

eupnea

normal breathing

dyspnea

labored breathing

tachypnea

rapid breathing

bradypnea

shallow breathing

hypoxemia

decreased levels of oxygen in the blood

hyperventilation

breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and the depth of breaths; oxygen decreases

kussmal respirations

panting and long ex;DKA

biot respriations

four to five breathes of equal depth alternating with irregular periods of apnea

cheyne-stokes resperations

seen in critically ill patients with brain conditions, in patients with heart or kidney failure

crackles

sounds like hair rubbing between fingers; non-musical sound heard during aspiration of the lungs (fluid)

rhonci

continuous dry rattling sounds (bronchidous, COPD)

stertor

unable to cough

stridor

found in kids; obstruction of the upper airway (RSV)

wheezing

whistling sound (asthma)

systolic pressure-diastolic pressure= ?

pulse pressure

who experiences orthostatic hypotentsion? what is it?

older adults; when blood pressure drops from changing positions

exam 1 fund Flashcards

(86 cards)