exam 3 a&p

Question 1

hematocrit

Answer 1

lab tests that express the percentage of RBCs present in volume of blood

Question 2

erythropoietin

Answer 2

hormone secreted by kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs

Question 3

petechiae; and why does this happen

Answer 3

pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin; it happens because the body is low in platelets

Question 4

leukopenia

Answer 4

under production of fighting WBC

Question 5

thrombocytes

Answer 5

clot formation

Question 6

what happens in clot formation

Answer 6

1. vessel spazes and activates PTA
2. prothrombin is activated and added with calcium to form thrombin
3. produce fibrinogen creating blood clot

Question 7

fibrinolysis

Answer 7

dissolves clot

Question 8

AB- is the what

Answer 8

universal recipient

Question 9

O- is the what

Answer 9

universal donor

Question 10

types of granular WBC and what they do

Answer 10

basophils- release histamine
eosinophils-allergic reaction
neutrophils-1st responders

Question 11

what is the most common WBC

Answer 11

neutrophils

Question 12

sympathetic nervous stimulation is also known as what? what happens to your body during this?

Answer 12

adrenergic; AV node activity increases, HR goes up, increase contractility, increase bronchodilation, increase vasoconstriction

Question 13

what hormone is released in sympathetic nervous stimulation?

Answer 13

norephinephrine

Question 14

parasympathetic nervous stimulation is also known as? what does it do to the body?

Answer 14

its also known as cholinergic; decreased AV node activity, decreased HR

Question 15

what hormone is released during this?

Answer 15

acetoycholine

Question 16

stroke volume

Answer 16

amount of blood pumped by ventricle per beat

Question 17

heart rate

Answer 17

number of times the heart beats per minute

Question 18

cardiac output

Answer 18

amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in 1 minute

Question 19

whats the mathematics formula used for cardiac output

Answer 19

HRxSV

Question 20

preload

Answer 20

amount of bloodin the ventricles at the end of diastole( how much stretch)

Question 21

afterload

Answer 21

refers to the resistance or opposition to the flow of the blood

Question 22

starlings law is what

Answer 22

the greater the stretch of the myocardium the stronger the force of the contraction

Question 23

structure of blood vessels would be?

Answer 23

composed of three tunics; they are smooth muscle

Question 24

what are blood vessels smooth muscle responsible for?

Answer 24

vasodilation and vasocontriction

Question 25

what is the portal circulation

Answer 25

carrying of blood toward liver rich of products of digestion but poor oxygen content

Question 26

circle of willis

Answer 26

circular arrangment of arteries in brain

Question 27

blood pressure

Answer 27

vessels regulate it, regulated day by day by baroreceptor reflex, determined by cardiac output and SVR

Question 28

where are the baroreceptors located

Answer 28

carotid and aortic arch

Question 29

vasodilation

Answer 29

vessels widen and and heat is lossed

Question 30

vasoconstriction

Answer 30

vessels get smaller and less heat is lost

Question 31

exchange vessels

Answer 31

one cell wide capillaries used to exchange in nutrients and waste between blood and cells

Question 32

what is the spleen used for in the lymphatic system

Answer 32

LUQ, filters blood, destroys old RBC, reservoir for blood

Question 33

lymph flow

Answer 33

tissue fluid flows to lymphatic capillaries, then to large lymphatic vessels, it then travels to the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct

Question 34

lymph vessels do what

Answer 34

these pick up tissue fluid and transport it toward the heart similar to veins

Question 35

lymph nodes

Answer 35

strategically placed tissue that filters lymph as it flows through lymphatic vessels

Question 36

lymphatic ducts

Answer 36

drains lymph

Question 37

lymphedema

Answer 37

condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by compromised lymphatic system

Question 38

what does histamine do to the body

Answer 38

vasodilation, redness, heat, swelling, pain,

Question 39

anaphyalaxis

Answer 39

immediate reaction, drop in BP, broncoconstrict, this is an immediate reaction

Question 40

immunoglobulins are also known as

Answer 40

antibodies

Question 41

pyrexia

Answer 41

fever

Question 42

active acquired

Answer 42

long term

Question 43

passive acquired

Answer 43

short term

Question 44

T and B cells are both what

Answer 44

WBC

Question 45

hypoventilation

Answer 45

low oxy. excess CO2; acidosis

Question 46

hyperventilation

Answer 46

high oxy. exhaling to much | CO; alkalosis

Question 47

boyles law

Answer 47

inverse relationship between volume and pressure

Question 48

muscles and nerves used in respiration

Answer 48

intercostals and diaphram; phrenic nerve

Question 49

bronchoconstriction

Answer 49

bronchioles dilate for more air in the lungs

Question 50

what is the medulla obongata in resp. system

Answer 50

primary control center, stimulus to muscle for coughing or sneezing

Question 51

bicarbonate ion does what

Answer 51

CO2 transport, acts as base

Question 52

alveoli

Answer 52

in capillaries; help with gas exchange