Exam 1 Healing

Question 1

microtrauma

Answer 1

overuse, cyclicnloading or friction injury

Question 2

macrotrauma

Answer 2

impact or contact injury, large insult and immediate tissue disruption

Question 3

things that cause inflammation

Answer 3

physical
chemical
ischemia
allergies
physical agents like thermal and radiation
foreign bodies like splinters
infection
nutritional
genetic

Question 4

effects of inflammation

Answer 4

local :
redness
warmth
swelling
pain
loss of function

systemic:
malaise, fatigue, headache, anorexia, fever

Question 5

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 5

erythema
heat
edema
pain
loss of function

Question 6

3 phases of healing

Answer 6

inflammation
proliferation
maturation

also (hemostasis)/ stabilizing prior to inflammaiton

Question 7

protection phase

Answer 7

first 1-6 days

immediate protective response that attempts to destroy, dilute, or isolates the cells that may be at fault

Question 8

Acute stage of inflammation

Answer 8

vascular changes
discharge
early fibroblastic activity

clinical signs:
inflammation
pain before tissue resistance

Question 9

what is the vascular response to acute inflammation?

Answer 9

transient vasoconstriction occurs at the injured vessels

chemical mediators(histamine and serotonon) release

vasodilation and increased permeability make up the vascular response

Local swelling due to increase permability

pain is from the increased pressure

Question 10

inflammation vascular response

Answer 10

1.vasoconstriction
2.vasodilation
3.growth of the fibrin lattice
4.enter leukocytes
5.enter platelets (first 24-36 hrs)

Question 11

inflammation chemical mediators

Answer 11

RELEASED FROM INFLAMMATORY CELLS OR DERIVED FROM PLASMA

histamine
platelet activating factor
cytokines

Question 12

Plasma cell derived chemical mediators

Answer 12

blood coagulation
firbrinoclytic
complement

Question 13

What forms clots?

Answer 13

platelets

release prothorombin start the fibrin lattice

Question 14

what is the cell response to acute inflammation?

Answer 14

leuokcytes move to the area and remove and eliminate stimulus

Question 15

hemostatic response in inflammation

Answer 15

platelets scab over the area

Question 16

fibrin

Answer 16

makes a cross linked lattice to seal off whole

Question 17

why does edema occur?

Answer 17

results from an increase in fluid within the extravascular spaces

as permability increases the fluid becomes exudate

Question 18

exudate

Answer 18

fluid being released from wound

Question 19

sanginous fluid

Answer 19

red due to RBC

Question 20

serosanguinous

Answer 20

yellow or pink

rbcs present

Question 21

serous or watery

Answer 21

thin or clear yellow consists of protein

Question 22

purulent

Answer 22

cloudy indicates infection or high WBC

Question 23

catarrhal

Answer 23

clear

Question 24

fibrinous

Answer 24

yellow or pink

Question 25

goals of proliferation

Answer 25

epithelization collagen production wound contracture neovascularization

Question 26

fibroblastic activity in proliferation phase

Answer 26

scar formation fibroplasia symotoms of inflammation subside

Question 27

what is epithelization

Answer 27

establishment of a epidermis, prevent electrolyte loss and chance of infection

Question 28

what is resolution

Answer 28

the process that occurs when min tissue damage occured. damaged cells will recover, ex. sunburn

Question 29

primary intention

Answer 29

features wound contracture epithelization willnot provide adequate

Question 30

secondary intention

Answer 30

healing by indirect union, gap between edges ex. butterly or sutures rely on epithelization for tissue healing

Question 31

what is fibroplasia

Answer 31

collagen production presence of infection or excessive stress will put the wound back into inflammation

Question 32

regeneration

Answer 32

the process of mitosis in damged tissue

Question 33

angiogenisis

Answer 33

regrowth of blood vessels

Question 34

what types of collagen are present in maturation?

Answer 34

type 1 and 3 with chronic inflammation

Question 35

tension theory

Answer 35

internal and external stresses can determine the scars final tissue structure

Question 36

what are the outcomes of healing ?

Answer 36

1. complete recovery 2. healing by scar formation 3.formation of an abscess 4. chronic inflammation

Question 37

complications of healing

Answer 37

infection ulcers spasm chronic inflammation adhesions abscess

Question 38

what causes chronic inflammation

Answer 38

-extensive nercosis -inflammatory agent persists -repeated episodes of acute inflammation in same tissue -persistent immune rxn

Question 39

chronic inflammation

Answer 39

can aid in healing but struggle to return to full function chronic inflammation destorys tissue

Question 40

how much muscle is lost per day of immobilization

Answer 40

1 to 3 %

Question 41

immobiity effects of cardiovascular

Answer 41

raises 0.5 beats per min per day decreased stroke volume of up to 15%