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AGM 1 > Exam 1: Labs > Flashcards

Exam 1: Labs Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Albumin indications

A

nutritional status, liver failure, alcoholism, swelling OUO

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2
Q

where and how is albumin synthesized

A

in the liver from protein

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3
Q

what percentage of protein does albumin make up

A

60%

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4
Q

why does hypoalbuminemia contribute to edema

A

proteins are an important component contributing to osmotic pressure in the vascular space

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5
Q

albumin is commonly elevated with

A

dehydration

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6
Q

albumin is commonly decreased with

A

liver failure, malnutrition, alcoholism, acute physiological stress

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7
Q

what are globulins

A

all non-albumin proteins

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8
Q

what is an earlier marker of malnutrition than albumin and why

A

pre-albumin, short half-like (rapidly fluctuates)

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9
Q

pre-albumin indications

A

nutritional status, liver failure

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10
Q

pre-albumin AKA

A

tyroxine-binding prealbumin

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11
Q

what does pre-albumin have a role in transporting

A

vitamin A

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12
Q

pre-albumin is commonly abnormal with

A

malnutrition (decreased)

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13
Q

Vitamin B12 indications

A

Anemia, confusion, vegan, elderly, malabsorption, neurological deficits, alcoholism

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14
Q

what is a long-term marker of B12 status

A

urine methmalonic acid

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15
Q

what is necessary for B12 to absorb?

A

Intrinsic factor (allows B12 to be absorbed in small intestine)

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16
Q

most common cause of B12 deficiency

A

lack of IF

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17
Q

B12 converts what to its active form

A

folate

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18
Q

B12 deficiency creates what kind of anemia

A

megaloblastic (RBCs fracture and hemolyze)

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19
Q

B12 level commonly abnormal with

A

malabsorption, elderly, pernicious anemia, vegans

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20
Q

Vitamin D’s relationship to parathyroid hormone

A

vitamin D inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion

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21
Q

Vitamin D’s relationship to corticosteroids

A

corticosteroids decrease vitamin D levels

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22
Q

homocysteine indications

A

Pts with known poor nutritional status or anemia, to screen for heart disease in high-risk patients, monitor known heart disease, screen for homocysteinuria

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23
Q

high homocysteine levels indicate

A

elevated risk of thrombotic events

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24
Q

most common reason for high homocysteine levels

Study These Flashcards
A

B6/B12/Folate deficiencies

25
relationship of B6/B12/Folate to homocysteine
they are necessary for its metabolism
26
hospice eligibility for cancer
widespread, aggressive, or progressive; palliative performance scale <70, refuses curative or it doesn't work
27
hospice eligibility for dementia
FAST scale stage 7, 1 or more signs of serious decline (aspiration pneumonia, UTI, ulcers, fever, weight loss, etc.)
28
hospice eligibility for failure to thrive
chronic disease diagnosis with severe weight loss despite interventions
29
how many patients utilize hospice for less than 1 week
1/3
30
what is the average length of hospice stay
23 days
31
how many live discharges from hospice
13-18%
32
what percentage of people on hospice die at home
75%
33
what percentage of people not on hospice die at home
25%
34
what are the 2 most important factors for poor quality of life
being in the hospital and being in the ICU
35
what is resuscitation rate for cardiac arrest
30%
36
what is survival to discharge rate for cardiac arrest
10%
37
what is the connection between surviving cardiac arrest and age
for every year, chances of survival decrease 1%
38
what is the connection between surviving cardiac arrest and comorbidity
for every comorbidity, chances of survival decrease 1%
39
hospice definition
comprehensive interdisciplinary team-based palliative care for patients with life-limiting illness and a prognosis of 6 months or less
40
CA 125 indication
to monitor treatment and recurrence of ovarian, fallopian tube, endometrial, peritoneal cancers
41
CEA indication
to monitor treatment and recurrence of a variety of cancers, especially colorectal cancer
42
which tumor marker is found in embryos but disappears except in the case of cancer
CEA
43
what cancers other than colorectal can cause an elevated CEA
breast, lung, gastric, pancreatic, thyroid
44
what noncancerous conditions can cause an elevated CEA
cirrhosis, crohns disease, COPD, UC, pancreatitis
45
HER-2 stands for
human epidermal growth factor
46
HER-2 and breast cancer prognosis
HER-2 overexpression is linked with worse prognosis
47
HER-2 specific treatment
Herceptin (antineoplastic monoclonal antibody)
48
which BRCA mutation is more associated with ovarian cancer
BRCA-1
49
contraindications of mammography
pregnancy (relative), younger than age 25
50
interfering factors of mammography
talc, deodorant, jewelry, previous surgery
51
colonoscopy indications
HOB-positive stool, abnormal sigmoidoscopy, lower GI tract bleeding, abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, at risk for colorectal cancer, screening
52
colonoscopy contraindications
profuse rectal bleeding, unstable, toxic megacolon, perforated bowel, recent colon anastomosis
53
causes of PSA elevation
BPH, prostate cancer, infection
54
what is PCA 3
a urine genetic test to determine risk of prostate cancer
55
when should a PSA be drawn
before a DRE
56
indications for PCA 3
to help determine if an elevated PSA could be due to prostate cancer and determine need for biopsy
57
what lab test monitors extrinsic clotting system
PT
58
what lab test monitors intrinsic clotting system
PTT
59
what lab test is used to monitor heparin use
PTT

AGM 1 (5 decks)

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