exam 1 - lecture 2

Question 1

signs of dental problems or dz

Answer 1

dropping feed, hard to chew, weight loss, bit problems, poor performance, foul odor, nasal dischrage, lameness

Question 2

complete oral exam

Answer 2

history and PE
observe horse in environment
assess physical condition
assess feed and water source
external evaluation - head, muscle, tmj
occlusion - incisors and cheek
periodontal disease
endodontic components
oral soft tissue

Question 3

when should all incisors be in by

Answer 3

all in wear by 5

Question 4

which drugs for sedation and analgesia for oral exam

Answer 4

alpha-2 agonists - xylazine, detomidine
butorphanol - controlled, opiate partial agonist
combos

Question 5

precautions with speculums

Answer 5

it is a weapon - sedation is necessary
dont open too wide or leave on for too long

Question 6

points for speculum exam

Answer 6

visualize
feel for points and hooks
look for loose teeth
show owner what you find

Question 7

how to rinse the mouth

Answer 7

chlorhex rinse
better for visualization
helps to evaluate sedation

Question 8

what is the point of balancing the mouth

Answer 8

decrease abnormal forces on teeth

Question 9

what is the bit seat

Answer 9

all 06s

Question 10

when to start oral exam

Answer 10

all foals during new foal exam - need to look for congenital abnormalities

Question 11

when to address wolf teeth

Answer 11

1 yr

Question 12

will young or old horses have sharpest enamel points

Answer 12

young - teeth are softer

Question 13

what age do most people start horse dentistry

Answer 13

1.5-3 yr

Question 14

how many permanent teeth do horses have

Answer 14

36-44

Question 15

how many deciduous teeth do horses have

Answer 15

24

Question 16

when will horses have their full set of permanent teeth

Answer 16

5-6 yrs

Question 17

biggest point for geriatric horse dentistry

Answer 17

comfort

Question 18

what teeth have hooks commonly

Answer 18

106/206 and 311/411

Question 19

what structures are included in periodontal disease

Answer 19

gingiva, periodontal ligaments, cementum, alveolar bone

Question 20

age signalment for horses with periodontal disease

Answer 20

60% >15
40% 3-5 - eruption issues
20% 5-10

Question 21

specific treatment options for periodontal disease

Answer 21

clean pockets, antibacterial packing, balance mouth, extraction

Question 22

when should you extract

Answer 22

fractures/fragments
root abscesses
severe periodontal disease
EOTRH
trauma
impaction

Question 23

where do you poke for maxillary nerve block

Answer 23

pterygopalatine fossa
under zygomatic arch, deposit into fat pad

Question 24

what does the maxillary nerve block desensitize

Answer 24

maxilla and premaxilla
paranasal sinuses
nasal cavity

Question 25

does the horse hate the maxillary nerve block

Answer 25

not really

Question 26

complications of maxillary nerve block

Answer 26

infection, meningitis, retrobulbar hematoma

Question 27

what does the infraorbital nerve block desensitize if you block within the canal

Answer 27

premolars, alveoli and gingiva, similar effect to maxillary

Question 28

what does the infraorbital nerve block desensitize if you block rostral to the canal

Answer 28

skin of lip, nostril and face

Question 29

do horses hate the infraorbital block

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

what does the mandibular nerve block desensitize

Answer 30

mandible and all structures

Question 31

complications with mandibular nerve block

Answer 31

cellulitis if not sterile self trauma after

Question 32

what does mental nerve desensitize

Answer 32

canine, incisor, rostral cheek teeth, alveoli, gingiva rostrally - skin of lips and chin

Question 33

which block is used for incisor extractions

Answer 33

infraorbital

Question 34

how do caries form

Answer 34

fissures and fractures trauma periodontal disease

Question 35

when to take rads or CT

Answer 35

nasal discharge, draining tracts, abnormal chewing, reluctance to eat, loose or fractured tooth, skull fractures

Question 36

why be careful with power tools

Answer 36

thermal damage open pulp chamber