exam 1 - lecture 4

Question 1

horses are ____ grazers

Answer 1

continuous

Question 2

which bacteria in the colon is not a pathogen

Answer 2

Helicobacter equinus

Question 3

what hormones control intake regulation

Answer 3

leptin
ghrelin - stimulate appetite

Question 4

what is trituration

Answer 4

process ingesta to optimize digestion and absorption upon entry into the intestine

Question 5

what allows liquids to depart the stomach without need for propulsive peristaltic contractions

Answer 5

thick circular musculature of pylorus

Question 6

average gastric half emptying time for solid food

Answer 6

1.56 hr

Question 7

half emptying time for liquid

Answer 7

10-74 min

Question 8

half emptying time for liquid for foals

Answer 8

4-14 min

Question 9

stomach will be empty of food in adult horse in

Answer 9

12 hr

Question 10

where is the pH highest in the stomach

Answer 10

near the squamous portion

Question 11

how does HCl secretion work

Answer 11

continuous

Question 12

what stimulates HCl production

Answer 12

histamine
gastrin - cortisol
ACh
prostaglandins

Question 13

what inhibits HCl production

Answer 13

somatostatin

Question 14

2 forms of equine gastric ulcer syndrome

Answer 14

EGSD, EGGD
squamous and glandular disease
both can be in one patient

Question 15

why do squamous ulcers develop

Answer 15

minimally protected from acid
normally covered with ingesta - unless not

Question 16

what in humans is like EGSD

Answer 16

gerd

Question 17

risk factors for EGSD

Answer 17

empty stomach, exercise on empty stomach, pyloric outflow obstruction

Question 18

location for EGSD

Answer 18

lesser curvature at margo plicatus

Question 19

why does EGGD happen

Answer 19

failure of normal protective mechanisms
causes unknown but H. pylori, NSAIDs and idiopathic are suspected

Question 20

treatment for EGUS

Answer 20

PPI - omeprazole

Question 21

is acid damage the cause of glandular disease

Answer 21

no - but is an aggravating factor

Question 22

CS for EGUS

Answer 22

asymptomatic, anxious, colicky, food aggressive, wont perform, grumpy, bruxism

Question 23

risk factors for EGGD

Answer 23

warmblood, specific trainer, multiple people, lots of exercise,

Question 24

diagnosis of EGUS

Answer 24

endoscopy, biopsy, US

Question 25

how to do gastric endoscopy

Answer 25

NPO 16 hrs, restraint, pass like NG tube, inflate and deflate, confirm healing with follow up

Question 26

gastric US

Answer 26

left flank, cranioventral not caudal to IC14

Question 27

EGUS treatments and prevention

Answer 27

small frequent forage meals supplements mirrors water corn oil omeprazole - expensive, poor oral bioavailability with full forage, more effective for EGSD

Question 28

are grades used for EGSD or EGGD

Answer 28

EGSD

Question 29

complications of EGUS

Answer 29

uncommon recurrence peritonitis gerd polypus pyloris intussusception

Question 30

primary gastric distention disorders

Answer 30

ingestion of fermentable food/grain overload food impaction

Question 31

secondary distention disorders

Answer 31

small intestinal obstruction aklaline fluid buildup

Question 32

what is most common form of gastric distention disorder

Answer 32

secondary

Question 33

gastric outflow obstruction causes

Answer 33

ulceration, delayed gastric emptying syndrome, neoplasia, phytobezoar

Question 34

what gets retained in delayed gastric emptying

Answer 34

solids

Question 35

signs of delayed gastric emptying

Answer 35

asymptomatic, inappetence, mild recurrent colic, cutaneous sensitivity food bolus in stomach after 16 hr of fasting

Question 36

Dx of delayed gastric emptying

Answer 36

CS, NG tube, enlargement of stomach via US, retention of food after fasting

Question 37

gastric impaction predisposing factors

Answer 37

dental, gastritis, ulcers

Question 38

clinical presentation of gastric impaction

Answer 38

colic, cant pass NG tube

Question 39

Dx gastric emptying

Answer 39

contrast rads - no aboral movement into stomach by 30-90 min

Question 40

common fall MO obstruction object

Answer 40

persimmons - surgery

Question 41

what is gastrorrhexis

Answer 41

gastric rupture

Question 42

why should you employ NG tube during Dx and management of colic

Answer 42

look for distension which can lead to rupture

Question 43

is gastric rupture fatal

Answer 43

invariably

Question 44

is gastric cancer common

Answer 44

no

Question 45

gastric cancers

Answer 45

gastric SCC lymphosarcoma leiomyoma

Question 46

who gets gastric SCC

Answer 46

old horses

Question 47

Dx gastric SCC

Answer 47

endoscopy, US, analysis peritoneal fluid