Exam 1: Lecture 2: Global Drivers and role of animals Flashcards by Renee Hartzog

On the LMU One Health model, in addition to environment, human, and animal health, it also includes what?

Social determinates

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Describe the AVMA 20/20 Commission

Operating in a global context, recognizing the critical contribution that US veterinarians play internationally including global health, trade, food safety, and security, and education

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Describe globalization according to Tom Friedman’s book

Interconnectivity of economies
impact societies and cultures

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What are the components of Economic interdependence?

Multi-national coperations
Interconnected banking
Linked currencies

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Describe the economic power shift

Rise of new emerging powers, BRIIC: Brazil, Russian, India, Indonesia, and China

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How has the world population changed over time?

Increased drastically - demographic trends: developing countries you population and continued high birthrates

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What is the Malthusian Theory of 1798?

“The power of population is so superior to the power of the Earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape of the other visit the human race”

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In developing nations which population age group is dominating?

Younger populations

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In developed nations which population age group is dominating?

Aging populations

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In the US, which generation has the most population?

Gen-X

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What is urbanization?

The movement to cities from rural areas

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What is the prediction for the amount of people living in urban settings in 2050?

More than 70%, it is currently 56%

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What are public health issues with urbanization?

pollution
poverty
healthcare
emerging infections

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What are some components of technology that go along with urbanization?

computers/internet
artificial intelligence
communications
robotics
nanotechnology
alternative power

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What are the components of biotechnology?

GMOs (livestock)
grains
genomics
proteomics
cloning
Advanced pharmaceuticals

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What is an emerging disease?

Increasing emerging and re-emerging diseases

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From 1940-2004 how many emerging diseases were there?

335 - 70% of them were zoonotic

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What are some examples of emerging diseases?

HIV/AIDS, ebola, SARS, monkey pox, avian influenza, H1N1, nipah virus, west nile virus, MERS-CoV, Zika, COVID-19

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What is a major way that a disease can be transmitted globally?

The global aviation network - disease can spread nearly anywhere within 24 hours

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What are some environmental trends with climate change?

Desertification and topical disease

What are some environmental trends of resource diminishing?

Water, hydrocarbon fuel, arable land;
Pollution

What are some important aspects of governance?

Nation state vs. Non-state actors
Social, Religious, ethnic boundaries crossing current political boundaries

What are some current examples of conflict/terrorism?

failed and failing states
symmetric vs asymmetric; regular vs irregular
transnational crime and drug trafficking
Russia attack Ukraine
Civil war syrian refugee
israel and hamas

What are the roles of animals in society and economy?

food source
fiber source
clothing
housing
transportation
storage capacity
farm power
labor
fuel
vector control
fertilizer
lighting
security
cash flow
investment
savings
entertainment
medicine
decoration and culture
companionship/bonding
social status
community wellbeing
religion and culture
self identity

Give examples of the role of animals as a food source

domestic animals - meat, milk, eggs, blood wild animals - meat, fish, honey, blood

Give examples of the role of animals as a fiber source

sheep, goats, yaks, llamas, alpacas, and camels

Give examples of the role of animals as a clothing source

hides, fur, wool and hair

Give examples of the role of animals as a housing source

Hides of yaks and wild animals used as a form of shelter Dung and mud used to form houses

Give examples of the role of animals as a transportation source

- horses, donkeys, mules, burros, dogs, camels, llamas, yaks, water buffalo - moving people, produce, and supplies

Give examples of the role of animals as a storage source

hides and GI parts used for storage

Give examples of the role of animals as farm power

horses, mules, burros, camels, oxen, water buffalo used to pull plows, threshing grain, moving water, and clearing land

Give examples of the role of animals as a labor source

using elephants to move larger things

Give examples of the role of animals as a fuel source

- dung from domestic animals is used for fuel for cooking and heating (more than 2 billion people burn dried animal dung for energy) - fats, oils and blubber used as fuel

Give examples of the role of animals as vector control

dogs, cats, birds, poultry control insect, rats, snakes, and other vermin

Give examples of the role of animals as a fertilizer source

- fecal material from animals used to increase productivity - fish and wildlife products used as a nitrogen source

Give examples of the role of animals as a lighting source

Fats, oils, and blubber used for lighting

Give examples of the role of animals as security

dogs, geese and other animals serve as sentries and security

Give examples of the role of animals as cash flow

- wild and domestic animals used as cash flow - sales and barter of animals and animal products - use of animals as sporting or tourist attractions

Give examples of the role of animals as an investment

domestic animals serve as future growth potential and reproductive potential for investment

Give examples of the role of animals as a savings

- animals and products serve as savings against future requirements - this is a liquid asset that is portable - animal products can be saved in the form of butter, cheese, dried meats, effs, honey, tallow, hides, furs, and fiber

Give examples of the role of animals as entertainment

Animals are used in sport, racind, fighting, hunting, and rodeo type activities

Give examples of the role of animals as medicine

domestic and wild animal products are used as medicines

Give examples of the role of animals as decoration and culture

feathers, teeth, claws, bones, hides, and furs used for clothing, ceremony, music, and art

Give examples of the role of animals as companionship/bonding

Animals serve as companions and people develop strong bonds with animals both livestock and companion animals

Give examples of the role of animals as social status

ownership of animals increases social status - sign of wealth

Give examples of the role of animals as community wellbeing

- presence and ownership of livestock reinforces community well being - presence and health of distinctive wildlife reflect community pride and well being

Give examples of the role of animals as religion and culture

- animism, reincarnation and animal worship are common religious practices - Many animals hold special plaed in beliefs and are considered sacred and symbolic

Give examples of the role of animals as self identity

- farmers, ranchers, herdsmen, shepherds, fisherman, and monads all identify closely with their culture and existence - some identities date back hundreds to thousands of years