Exam 1: Lecture 5 Info

Question 1

Theory of Incomplete Cerebral Dominance proponents

Answer 1

1. Orton

2. Travis

Question 2

Theory of Incomplete Cerebral Dominance Hypothesis

Answer 2

Since the brain’s L hemisphere controls the muscles of the R side of the body, and vice versa, to force a L handed child to be R handed could conceivably cause hemispheral confusion…with stuttered speech as a result.

Question 3

Theory of Incomplete Cerebral Dominance Result

Answer 3

Stuttering due to lack of any clear cerebral dominance over speech function by 1 of the 2 hemispheres.

Question 4

Reasoning behind the dominance factor in the Theory of Incomplete Dominance.

Answer 4

1. Either the dominance was incomplete, or there was a conflict of dominance between the 2.
2. 1 side had to assume dominance. If you lack cerebral dominance, then both sides send signals simultaneously which could lead to disruptions.

Question 5

What was Freud’s perspective on stuttering?

Answer 5

Stuttering was an overt symptom of conscious conflict between child and parent.

Question 6

List what characteristics Freud believed to cause stuttering (3).

Answer 6

1. Repressed needs
2. Traced back to neurotic personality of parent
3. More burden on parents; mother the parents

Question 7

What is psychoanalytic theory often based on?

Answer 7

Text here

Question 8

Who was the proponent for the Diagnosogenic Theory?

Answer 8

Wendell Johnson

Question 9

What was the hypothesis of the Diagnosogenic Theory?

Answer 9

Stuttering began, not in the mouth of the child but in the mouth of the parent (when they overreact to their child’s normal disfluencies).

Question 10

Who was the proponent for the Anticipatory-Struggle Hypothesis?

Answer 10

Oliver Bloodstein

Question 11

What is the Anticipatory-Struggle Hypothesis theory based in?

Answer 11

Cognition

Question 12

Anticipatory-Struggle Hypothesis theory hypothesis.

Answer 12

1. Stuttering results from early experiences with speech which inflect a child’s system of beliefs with the conviction that for him speech is a difficult thing to do.
2. Due to negative past experiences, a PWS will anticipate difficulty with a sound or word, which leads to struggle.

Question 13

Who was the proponent of the Approach-Avoidance Theory?

Answer 13

Joseph Sheehan

Question 14

Approach-Avoidance Theory hypothesis

Answer 14

The desire to communicate collides with the drive to avoid speech anxiety.

Question 15

List the demands which may impact fluency development (5).

Answer 15

1. Parent speech-language behaviors
2. Family interaction patterns
3. Family reactions to stuttering
4. Family lifestyle characteristics
5. Uneven capacity development

Question 16

List the capacities which support fluency development (4).

Answer 16

Each child has a certain capacity level in any of the following domains:

1. Speech-motor skills
2. —- skills
3. —– & emotional control
4. —- skills

Question 17

What, in short, does the Capacities and Demands theory say about fluency development?

Answer 17

1. Stuttering occurs when the demands for fluency from the child’s social environment exceed the child’s cognitive, linguistic, motor or emotional capacities for fluent speech.
2. Children who stutter lack adequate capacity for the sensorimotor processing demands of rapid fluent speech.

Question 18

If CAPACITIES = or > DEMANDS, it = ?

Answer 18

Fluent speech

Question 19

If DEMANDS > CAPACITIES, = ?

Answer 19

Emergence of stuttering