Exam 2: Lecture 10 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the consistency effect?
Tendency for stuttering to occur on the same words in repeated readings or speakings of the same material, or in response to the same cues or stimuli.
What is an example of the consistency effect?
Block or repeat in 1 place, they will block or repeat in the same place in a subsequent reading.
What is the adaptation effect?
Temporary reduction in the frequency and/or severity of stuttering behaviors resulting from repeated oral readings of the same or highly similar material.
What is the adjacency effect?
Occurs during repeated oral readings of the same material. When previously stuttered words are omitted from the passage, there’s a tendency for stuttering to occur on words adjacent to where stuttering previously occurred.
Why does singing improve stuttering?
- Speech and singing are separate neurophysiologic tasks.
- Speech = product of L hemisphere
- Singing = more R hemisphere input
- No place for stuttering to occur, prolonged speech
- Much heavier prosodic overlay
How do authority figures affect a person who stutters? How does being in an authoritative position help stuttering?
- The stutter may stutter more around authority figures.
2. The stutter may be more fluent when in a position of authority.
With pets and infants, the stutter has little or no stuttering at all. Why is this?
- The use of motherese
2. A decrease in pressure when using speech
What is stuttering like during role playing or acting?
Very little or no stuttering
Why does role playing or acting create little or no stuttering?
- Altered speech patterns
2. You are not yourself
What is stuttering like during choral reading or whispering?
No stuttering on either of these
Why does choral reading or whispering cause little or no stuttering?
Text here
List the types of ameliorating instrumentation for stuttering.
- Metronome
- Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF)
- Sound application/ masking noise
When was the metronome, a part of ameliorating instrumentation, most popular?
It was a very popular early stuttering treatment
- Early 19th Century Europe
- 20th Century U.S.
What was the basis for metronome ameliorating instrumentation?
Generated rhythmic manner of speaking
What were the difficulties/challenges with the metronome instrumentation?
- Difficult to generalize
2. Fluency generated in an artificial manner
When did metronome treatment hit a high point?
Treatment hit a high point in the 60s (mini-metronome)
What other technique caused the metronome instrumentation intervention to lose its appeal?
Slow, easy speech technique
Why was metronome instrumentation thought to be successful?
What stuttering is, is the result of a central auditory processing disorder.
What is Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF)?
Occurs when we hear what we have said in a short time after we have said it.
How does Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) affect normally fluent individuals?
It makes them become highly disfluent when exposed.
How does Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) affect PWS?
Many PWS experience a decrease in stuttering.
Why is DAF successful?
In order to “beat” the DAF, an individual has to slow down his speech. Also forces one to prolong his speech and use easy onset.
What is sound application/masking noise?
A type of amerliorating instrumentation that is simply the application of white noise in both ears.
What are the reasons for sound application/masking noise?
- A reduction in anxiety about speech because you can’t hear yourself speak.
- Is stuttering a sensory disorder?
- Is stuttering a motor disorder?
- What happens to your voice when you talk over noise?
