Exam 1 Lecture flash cards

Question 1

1 oz = ?grams

Answer 1

28.35 g

Question 2

1 apothecary oz= ?grams

Answer 2

31.1 g

Question 3

1 oz= ? ml

Answer 3

29.57 mL

Question 4

1 apothecary oz= ?mL

Answer 4

29.57 mL

Question 5

steps to refining

Answer 5

weight out approximate amount needed to fill prescription, (round to nearest whole number,), and place in Wedgewood mortar and pestle. After refining, weigh out exact amount needed to fill prescription.

Question 6

things to always add to prescription (from top to bottom

Answer 6

1. media prescription was dispensed in
2. expiration date of prescription
3. endorsed prescription with initials and date it was filled
4. interrelated sig
5. axillary label

Question 7

geometric combineination/ trituration

Answer 7

indicated when mass of powders to be mixed differ by a factor greater than 3. first take the ingredient with the smallest mass and place it in the mortar. next add in approx equal amount of powder with the larger quantitiy into the mortar. once we have approx equal quantities, we can triturate the powders. next add another quantity of the largr mass of pwder into the morater and triturate. repeat until the mass of the 2 powders differ than less than a factor of 3.

Question 8

compounding

Answer 8

physical and /or chemical modification of a substance resulting in a drug/dosage form to which is suitable for administration to a patient

Question 9

reasons for compounding:

Answer 9

drug or dosage form not commercially available.

patient comfort and compliance

Question 10

what is extemporaneous compounding

pursuant to:

doesnt apply to

Answer 10

short period of time.

compounding pursuant to a specific patient, specific precription, and for 1 dispensing of a med

does not apply to : batching, maufacturing, refills

Question 11

batching

Answer 11

compounding ahead of time in anticipation of outstanding refills or unfilled oral rx’s
compounding to have less than a 30 day supply

Question 12

when batching, must keep records include

Answer 12

manu name
lot numers
expiration date

Question 13

manufacturing

Answer 13

compounding for long term inventory and sale

Question 14

stability

Answer 14

extent to which a drug preparation remains within specified limits in terms of chemical composition, physical composition, microbiologic activity/ contamination

Question 15

expiration date:

what two factors control it?

rules of picking exp date

Answer 15

stability and storage conditions

dont pick an exp date that is longer than max dose interval, and dont pick pick exp date shorter than dose period for 1 filling

Question 16

room temperature readings

Answer 16

20C-25 C

Question 17

refrigerated temperature readings

Answer 17

2c-4c

Question 18

what is an inactive ingredient?

Answer 18

substances present in a formulation which exist solely for their effect on the product

Question 19

trituration

Answer 19

mixing of powders

Question 20

what powders usually need to be pre-refined and in what instrument

Answer 20

salycylic acid
calamine
zinc oxide
sulfur ppt

wedgewood mortar

Question 21

policy for making capsule

Answer 21

calculate mass needed to create +1 extra dose to account for possible loss when transferring contents

Question 22

how to determine capsule size

Answer 22

convert capsule content mass to grains;
15.43 grains/1 g or 1000 mg=xgrains/ capsule content mass
subtract that number from 7 to get capsule size

Question 23

what are powders:

Answer 23

intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and or chemicals that may be intended for internal or external use

Question 24

types of powder

Answer 24

bulk powders (external use)
unit dose powder (internal: capsules and chart powders. external : antimicrobial otic powders)

Question 25

pulverization

Answer 25

particle size reduction for large particles | can be mechanical with mortar and pestly or by intervention by allowing substance to dissolve in suitable solvent

Question 26

refinement

Answer 26

to make particle size smaller

Question 27

purification

Answer 27

to make pure

Question 28

efflorescent powders

Answer 28

contains water of hydration. store these in a cool dry place and in an air tight container

Question 29

hygroscopic powders

Answer 29

subject to mooisturization from ambient humidity

Question 30

deliquescent powders

Answer 30

hygroscopic but will actually dissolve forming an h2o solution

Question 31

eutectics

Answer 31

combo of two or more substances whos melting point is lower than that of theirs alone. lowest melting point aoccurs at optimal ratios of masses

Question 32

lozenge

Answer 32

dissolve in the mouth. can be extemporaneously compounded

Question 33

pills

Answer 33

not used anymore. replaced by tablets. E.C uncommon but not unheard of

Question 34

fillers

Answer 34

solid qs media

Question 35

binder

Answer 35

integrity and tablets. help ingredients stay bound together

Question 36

glidants

Answer 36

mold grease added to a powder to improve its flowability

Question 37

excipients. are they active?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

disintergrants

Answer 38

aid in gi absorpion

Question 39

powder content capsules

Answer 39

diphenhydramine 50 mg. only example

Question 40

liquid capsule

Answer 40

decussate sodium

Question 41

capsule advantages

Answer 41

easy to swallow, taste conceilmentrapid drug release

Question 42

1 inch = ?cm

Answer 42

2.54

Question 43

1 kg=? lb

Answer 43

2.205

Question 44

body surface area equatoin

Answer 44

square root of height in cm weight in kg/3600

Question 45

between procedures for when pure powder are not provided. what is the dif in procedure btw capsules and tablets provided.

Answer 45

when weighting the madd of the tablets, you weigh the whole tablets when weighing the capsule, you have to open and weight the capsule contents. do not weigh capsule with it.

Question 46

how to find out minimum weighable quantity

Answer 46

they tell you the sensitivity division is a certain amount and the accuracy is a certain amount (our lab is 5%. you say 6 g is 5 % of what. figure out the ratio, and then it will give you the answer

Question 47

approach to making aliquot

Answer 47

1. figure out minimum weighable quantity 2. set ratio for how much we need divided by minimum weighable quantity 3. rmultiply MWC by factor u got, to get total t mass. subtract mwq from t mass to get filler mass 5. do ratio of Mwc/ t t mass of aliquot equal to actuations calculated needed mass / x. solve for x

Question 48

liquid dosage form types

Answer 48

suspensions- not molecularly dispersed solutions- molecularly dispersed emulsions: 2 liquid phases not muscle within one another

Question 49

lotion

Answer 49

needs to be a liquid for external use that is an emulsion.

Question 50

disadvantage of liquids

Answer 50

``` need an accurate measurind device. prones to error if pt/ caregiver does the measuring unpleasant taste specific storage conditions less stable than dry form ```

Question 51

solution

Answer 51

solute +solvent: molecular dispersion liquid

Question 52

solvent

Answer 52

base liquid

Question 53

solute

Answer 53

dissolved insolvent

Question 54

solubility

Answer 54

degree solute will dissolve in solvent

Question 55

brows solution

Answer 55

aluminum acetate: don't shake. products of degradation on the bottom and the solution is on the top

Question 56

rothwells "solution "

Answer 56

not really a solution cus the excipients cant be dissolved

Question 57

interthecal

Answer 57

do not put preservatives in this because it goes into spinal fluis

Question 58

cons of solution

Answer 58

less stable than dry forms

Question 59

max alcohol for ped patients

Answer 59

<6- 0.5% 6-12: 5% >12- 10%

Question 60

do u shake solutions?

Answer 60

no

Question 61

dispensing solutions. do you let the patient usr their own measurements?

Answer 61

NO. also give an oral syringe or calibrated spoon for accuracy

Question 62

do not use what for volumetric measurements what can u use

Answer 62

beakers and erlenmeyer flasks, graduated cylinders

Question 63

20% rule for graduated cylinder

Answer 63

don't measure <20% in granulated cylinder total measure cause inaccuracy chance increases

Question 64

ex: 1 mlpipette: what is the range of measurements u can make

Answer 64

0.2-1mL

Question 65

should beakers be used to measure?

Answer 65

NO. they are holding vessels

Question 66

pipettes use?

Answer 66

to use for small measurements

Question 67

most important consideration for storage

Answer 67

keep out of reach of children

Question 68

how to find out the max mass a capsule can hold

Answer 68

7-Z= (capsule zise in question). set up a ratio 15.43/1000 mg =Z/x

Question 69

pearl for geletin capsule

Answer 69

keep storage jars tightly closed because they are hygroscopic

Question 70

which forms eutectic mixture

Answer 70

menthol and camphor

Question 71

lotions can be what form

Answer 71

solutions suspensions emulsions

Question 72

advantages of solutions

Answer 72

easily absorbed | suspending agents not required

Question 73

ratio strength

Answer 73

X:Y

Question 74

mg%

Answer 74

mg/ 100 mL

Question 75

how to find out if liquid is a solution or suspension

Answer 75

set solubillity equal to the ratio of x amount of substance in 100 g/mL. that is the % saturation. compare the amount of substance in amount of total product. if it is less than percent saturatoin, it is soluble