Exam 1 (Lectures 1-7)

Question 1

which of the following is a type of carbohydrate?

Monosaccharides
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
Fatty Acids

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

What is a major role of carbohydrates in the body?

Providing energy
Regulation body temperature
Building muscle mass
Transporting Oxygen

Answer 2

Providing energy

Question 3

Which of the following describes an important carbohydrate conversion?

Converting amino acids to fatty acids
Converting water to Hydrogen
Converting glucose to glycogen
Converting lipids to carbohydrates

Answer 3

Converting glucose to glycogen

Question 4

How does carbohydrate metabolism change during physical activity?

It only occurs during rest periods
it decreases with longer durations of activity
It remains constant regardless of activity
It varies based on intensity and duration

Answer 4

It varies based on intensity and duration

Question 5

What is a characteristic of lipids?

Their role in carbohydrate metabolism
Their structure and function in the body
Their ability to dissolve in water
Their contribution to muscle contraction

Answer 5

Their structure and function in the body

Question 6

What is lipolysis?

The process of breaking down lipids
The synthesis of proteins
The breakdown of amino acids
The process of storing carbohydrates

Answer 6

The process of breaking down lipids

Question 7

What is one of the roles of lipids in the body?

transporting nutrients
generating electrical signals
energy storage
producing hormones

Answer 7

energy storage

Question 8

How does lipid metabolism change during physical activity?

It stays the same during all activities
it only occurs during low-intensity exercise
it varies based on intensity and duration
it is not affected by duration

Answer 8

it varies based on the intensity and duration

Question 9

what are proteins formed from?

fatty acids
nucleotides
monosaccharides
amino acids

Answer 9

amino acids

Question 10

How can proteins provide an energy source during physical activity?

by storing energy as fat
through gluconeogenesis
through glycolysis
by converting to carbohydrates

Answer 10

Through gluconeogenesis

Question 11

What is the role of phosphocreatine (PCr) in energy production?

Stores fat for long-term energy
Donates a phosphate group to regenerate ATP

Answer 11

Donates a phosphate group to regenerate ATP

Question 12

Describe the relationship between muscle ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) during sprint exercise.
Muscle ATP decreases as PCr is used to regenerate ATP
Muscle ATP increases as PCr is used to store energy

Answer 12

Muscle ATP decreases as PCr is used to regenerate ATP

Question 13

What is the primary substrate used to provide energy at rest and during high-intensity exercise?

Carbohydrates
Proteins

Answer 13

Carbohydrates

Question 14

What is ATP, and why is it important for metabolism?

Adenosine triphosphate, serving as the primary energy currency of the cell
A type of fat used for energy storage

Answer 14

Adenosine triphosphate, serving as the primary energy currency of the cell

Question 15

What is hyponatremia?
A condition of low sodium levels in the blood
A condition of high sodium levels in the blood

Answer 15

A condition of low sodium levels in the blood

Question 16

What are the major functions of water in the body?

Energy production and fat storage
Hydration, nutrient transport, and temperature regulation

Answer 16

Hydration, nutrient transport, and temperature regulation

Question 17

Where is water stored in the human body?

In the blood
In cells
In interstitial fluid
All of the above

Answer 17

All of the above

Question 18

What percentage of the human body is composed of water

75%
60%
50%
40%

Answer 18

60%

Question 19

Who may benefit form mineral supplementation?

Only athletes in competition
Sedentary individuals
Individuals that engage in intense physical training
individuals with a balanced diet

Answer 19

Individuals that engaged in intense physical training

Question 20

What does regular physical activity do to bone mass?
Has no affect
Weakens it
Negatively affects it
Positively affect it

Answer 20

Positively affects it

Question 21

What condition is characterized by weakened bones?
Arthritis
Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Scoliosis

Answer 21

Osteoporosis

Question 22

What are one of the roles of minerals in the body?
Breaking down proteins
Contributing to bone structure
Producing vitamins
Storing carbohydrates

Answer 22

Contributing to bone structure

Question 23

What can the effects of vitamin supplementation on exercise performance do?

Have no impact
Always enhance performance
Always decrease performance
Vary

Answer 23

Vary

Question 24

What do vitamins C and E do in the body?

Increase protein synthesis
Store energy
Act as antioxidants
Aid in fat digestion

Answer 24

Act as antioxidants

Question 26

How often do water-soluble vitamins need to be consumed? Only when exercising Regularly Once a week Once a month

Answer 26

Regularly

Question 27

What does Alanine-Glucose cycle concert alanine into? Glycogen Glucose Fatty acids Lactate

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored in the body? In the muscles In the liver In the bloodstream In the body's fatty tissues

Answer 28

In the body's fatty tissues

Question 29

What are the essential Characteristics of the three energy systems? Type of exercise and body fat percentage Rate of ATP production and duration of energy sustainability

Answer 29

Rate of ATP production and duration of energy sustainability

Question 30

Why are the ATP-PCr and glycolytic energy systems considered anaerobic? They only function during aerobic activities They do not require oxygen for ATP production

Answer 30

They do not require oxygen for ATP production

Question 31

How do the three energy systems interact concerning the rate of energy production and the sustained capacity to produce that energy? They provide varying rates of energy production based on intensity and duration They operate independently without interaction

Answer 31

They provide varying rates of energy production based on intensity and duration

Question 32

What determines the rate at which energy is released in the body? The number of enzymes present The type of exercise performed The availability of primary substrates The temperature of the environment

Answer 32

The availability of primary substrates

Question 33

What effect does an excess of a substrate have on energy metabolism? It increases the need for oxygen it prevents the breakdown of fats it decreases the efficiency of energy production It causes cells to rely more on that energy substrate

Answer 33

It causes cells to rely more on that energy substrate

Question 34

What factor controls the rate of energy release in metabolic pathways? The pH level of the cell The availability of water Enzyme activity The age of the individual

Answer 34

Enzyme activity

Question 35

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions? They lower activation energy They increase the temperature of the reaction They change the products of the reaction They provide energy to start the reaction

Answer 35

They lower activation energy

Question 36

What does the absence of an enzyme indicate about a chemical reaction? It indicated that energy is being stored It indicates a faster reaction It indicates that the reaction will not occur It indicates a non-catalyzed reaction

Answer 36

It indicated a non-catalyzed reaction

Question 37

What is the function of creatine kinase in enzyme-catalyzed reactions? It facilitates substrate breakdown It stores energy for later use It prevents reactions from occurring It increases substrate concentration

Answer 37

It facilitates substrate breakdown

Question 38

What role do enzymes play in chemical reactions involving substrates? They initiate the reactions They convert substrates into enzymes They aid in the catabolism of substrates They prevent substrates form breaking down

Answer 38

They aid in the catabolism of substrates

Question 39

What common suffix is found in the names of enzymes? -ine -ase -ose -ol

Answer 39

-ase

Question 40

What are the components that make up fats? Glucose and Fructose Free Fatty acids and Glycerol Amino Acids and Nucleotides Proteins and Carbohydrates

Answer 40

Free Fatty acids and Glycerol

Question 41

Which processes are associated with the metabolism of fats? Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis Fermentation and Respiration Lipolysis and Lipogenesis Hydrolysis and Oxidation

Answer 41

Lipolysis and Lipogenesis

Question 42

Where does the glucose pool in the body originate from? Muscle breakdown Fat storage Water absorption Food intake

Answer 42

Food intake

Question 43

What processes are responsible for the formation of glycogen stores in the body? Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis Oxidation and Reduction Lipolysis and Glycolysis Proteolysis and Hydrolysis

Answer 43

Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis

Question 44

What is the source of gluconeogenesis in the body? Fat stores Amino acid pool Glycogen stores Sugar intake

Answer 44

Amino acid pool

Question 45

What are proteins composed of? Fatty acids Amino acids Sugars Nucleotides

Answer 45

Amino Acids

Question 46

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down ATP? Amylase ATPase Lipase Protease

Answer 46

ATPase