Exam 1 Material

Question 1

A medical subluxation is considered to be ___ and a chiropractic subluxation is considered to be ___

Answer 1

medical = hypermobile
chiropractic = hypomobile

Question 2

In the CNS, ___ has/have been associated in the regulation of mood disorders, anxiety, stress, neurogenesis, nausea/emesis, pain, and nociception

Answer 2

Substance P

Question 3

What was included in DD Palmer’s causes of subluxation?

Answer 3

• Toxins
• Trauma
• Autosuggestion

Question 4

True or False:
Histamine is often the first responder in inflammation and helps to stimulate the vascular response

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The definition used to defend chiropractic as a separate and distinct profession during the Marikubo trial was…

Answer 5

joint fixation

Question 6

What has been found in high concentrations in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 6

Cytokines

Question 7

Substance P is known to be a potent…

Answer 7

vasodilator

Question 8

True or False:
According to the Herzog article on the biomechanics of spinal manipulation, EMG responses were only found when the adjustment was accompanied by an audible release

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Who rejected the germ theory and instead focused on the subluxation as the cause of disease rather than microorganisms?

Answer 9

BJ Palmer
(blow joshua)

Question 10

What is defined as an electrochemical signal that draws appropriate cells to an area of injury?

Answer 10

Chemotaxis

Question 11

The chiropractic adjustment takes place within the ___ space

Answer 11

paraphysiologic space

Question 12

True or False:
BJ Palmer utilized germ theory as an opportunity to pose chiropractic as a way to sustain health

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Is medical subluxation hypomobile or hypermobile?

Answer 13

Hypermobile (partial dislocation)

Question 14

DD Palmer suggested that the “tone” of the nervous is represented by…

Answer 14

vibratory theory

Question 15

What type of inflammation is associated with angiogenesis and connective tissue proliferation?

Answer 15

Chronic inflammation

Question 16

Who focused primarily on pelvic biomechanics in order to refine his definition of chiropractic?

Answer 16

Illi

Question 17

Who was the first to propose the wellness model in chiropractic?

Answer 17

Ian Coulter

Question 18

Did the textbook Modernized Chiropractic published in 1906 reinforce or weaken Palmer’s bone out of place theory?

Answer 18

Weakened the bone out of place theory

Question 19

“Tissue and cellular responses to injury in the spine includes infiltration of histamine, protein derived factors, eicosanoids, proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, degradative enzymes, and substance P and these pre-stage development of spinal lesions” describes the ___ hypothesis

Answer 19

Inflammatory

Question 20

Palmer’s initial theory was that ___ was the result of displacement of any body part: nerve, artery, vein, bone, ligament, or muscle

Answer 20

Inflammation

Question 21

The idea that “luxation of bones causes disease” is associated with whom?

Answer 21

DD Palmer

Question 22

Substance P acts when stimulated by the release of…

Answer 22

nitric oxide

Question 23

Chronic inflammation is marked by proliferation of…

Answer 23

proliferation of connective tissue

Question 24

According to the Herzog study on biomechanics, was an audible release occurring from slow application of pressure showing the same reflex response as a high velocity low amplitude thrust?

Answer 24

No, high velocity low amplitude thrust and slow application did not have the same reflex response

Question 25

Can chiropractic subluxation cause nerve root compression?

Answer 25

No (allegedly)

Question 26

Who was associated with the idea that an injured joint becomes fixated as edema develops around the capsule and tissues?

Answer 26

Gillet, Gillet, and Illi

Question 27

Who believed that chiropractors should generate clinical data and publish clinical research?

Answer 27

CO Watkins

Question 28

The term ___ appears in medical journals as early as 1828 to describe the idea that tenderness of a vertebra corresponded to the disease organ

Answer 28

spinal irritation

Question 29

Who was considered to be the contemporary father of the nerve compression hypothesis and encourage manipulation to treat spinal irritation 2 years before DD Palmer was born?

Answer 29

Riadore

Question 30

In acute inflammation, a tissue level response includes:

Answer 30

aggressive vascular response marked by infiltration of neutrophils and other leukocytes

Question 31

What is produced by endothelial cells and macrophages during the inflammatory response?

Answer 31

Nitric oxide

Question 32

True or False: Joint restrictions are always identifiable on plain film radiographs

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Did BJ Palmer's initial criteria for a subluxation include inflammation of the surrounding tissue?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

Substance P is regulated by which receptors in the dorsal horn?

Answer 34

NMDA

Question 35

The idea of joint fixation or motion restriction as an explanation for chiropractic was initially presented in 1906 by which author?

Answer 35

Langworthy

Question 36

What can be defined by "opposing surfaces resist separation until a critical point where they separate rapidly creating sustained gas cavities"?

Answer 36

Tribonucleation

Question 37

In acute inflammation, the first mediators stimulating a vascular response are...

Answer 37

histamines

Question 38

The HIO (hole-in-one) technique is associated with whom and what?

Answer 38

BJ Palmer, C1-C2 subluxation

Question 39

In acute inflammation, ___ and ___ phagocytize debris and chemotaxic stimulants

Answer 39

neutrophils and macrophages