Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PCC Lecture > Exam 1 Modules 1-3 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

NCLEX provides the __________ standard for knowledge of practice.

A

minimum

Nursing student graduate is minimally competent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

National Nurses Association

ANA

A

American Nurses Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

National Nurses Association

NLN

A

National League for Nurses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

National Nurses Association

AACN

A

American Association of Colleges of Nursing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

National Nurses Association

NSNA

A

National Student Nurses Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State Nurses Association

FNSA

A

Florida Nursing Student Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roles of Nurse

A

caregiver, educator, leader, advocate, researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute care nurses

A

practice inside hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Impatient vs outpatient

A

higher acuity and level of care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nonacute care nurses

A

practice outside the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological (ABC’s)
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Self actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PICO(T)

Evidence based practice

A

Patient/Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time (optional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Decreased mobility = increased risk of

A

falling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Consequences of immobility

A

Orthostatic hypotension: sudden drop in BP > 10 at different positions (lying,
sitting, and standing)
o VTE: blood clots (can lead to pulmonary embolism)
o Atelectasis: collapse of lung
o Pneumonia: infection of lung
o Constipation/bowel obstruction
o Renal calculi: kidney stones
o Pressure ulcers
o Muscle atrophy: loss of muscle mass and tone
o Osteoporosis: decrease in bone density
o Contractures: shortening or hardening of muscles, tendons, and other tissues
o Psychosocial consequences: depression, sleep disturbances, disorientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transferring patient w/complete dependence:immobile

A

Use mechanical lift with sling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Crutches

A

Sizing:
* Axillary crutch pad should be 3 fingerbreadths below axilla
* Slight flexion of elbows
* Axilla should not rest on crutch pad

Teaching:
* Tripod position
* Lead with unaffected leg when going up stairs and to lead with affected leg coming down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fall Causes

A

o Intrinsic:
▪ Orthostatic hypotension
▪ Meds: for new and dose changes
* Psychotropics
▪ Impaired gait or balance
▪ Neuropathy
▪ Incontinence/urgency
▪ Vision impairment
▪ UTI
▪ Confusion

o Extrinsic:
▪ Unsafe environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Guidelines for restraints

A

Never ordered as needed (PRN)
o Require order within 1 hour
o Must be re-ordered every 24 hours
o Assess and document frequently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the #1 way to stop the spread of infection?

A

HAND HYGIENE

Use friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stages of infection

A

Incubation: period of time between invasion of the pathogen and the first signs or symptoms of infection
o Prodromal: most infectious, appear as vague symptoms
▪ Not all infections have a prodromal phase
o Illness: signs and symptoms present
o Decline: symptoms fade, # of pathogens decline
o Convalescence: tissue repair, return to health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 Tiers of protection per CDC

A

Tier 1- Standard precautions and Tier 2- Transmission based precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tier 1- Standard Precautions

A

▪ Apply to all patients
▪ Hand hygiene, surgical mask, proper sharp disposal, cover mouth and nose when sneezing/coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tier 2- Transmission based precuations

A

▪ Patients with known or suspected infection or colonization with pathogens
* Contact precautions: gown and gloves
* Droplet precautions: gown, gloves, mask, eye protection
o COVID
* Airborne precautions: gown, gloves, N95 mask
o TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Critical thinking

A

intellectual process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Clinical reasoning
the thinking process by which a nurse reaches a clinical judgement. enables you to synthesize, knowledge, experience, and information from various sources to develop an effective plan of care for a client.
26
Clinical judgement Contains thinking and reasoning
conclusion or outcome for patient scenario outcomes of thinking, doing, and caring
27
NCSBN
creator of NCLEX
28
Layers of CJM
o Layer 0: clinical decisions o Layer 1: comprises the outcome = clinical judgement o Layer 2: form, refine hypotheses; evaluation o Layer 3: recognize cues, analyze cues, prioritize hypotheses, generate solutions, take action, evaluate outcomes ▪ Not linear o Layer 4: context (individual and environmental factors)
29
Nursing process
ADPIE
30
ADPIE Assessment
Collecting subjective and objective data ▪ Recognize cues
31
ADPIE Diagnosis
Analyze cues and prioritize hypotheses * Cues = unexpected findings (abnormal)
32
ADPIE Plan
Prioritize hypotheses and generate solutions
33
ADPIE Implementation
Take action * Doing, delegating, and documenting
34
ADPIE Evaluation
Evaluate outcomes * Goal oriented o Examples: ▪ Inability to walk → ambulate patient ▪ Risk for falls → make sure room is clear of clutter
35
subjective data
what the pt says/tells us
36
objective data
what we observe factual data- vital signs, lab data
37
Nursing diagnosis- patient problems the nurse can treat independently
assessing and analyzing ques/data
38
Internal respiration
oxygen is exchanged to provide oxygen to the tissues (tissue perfusion)
39
External respiration
oxygen is diffused from the alveoli in the pulmonary circulation to the capillary system (CO2 is released from circulation into the alveoli)
40
Pulse oximetry
measures O2 saturation in hemoglobin does not test for tissue perfusion
41
Nursing intervention to promote oxygenation
o Positioning for maximum lung excursion: ▪ High fowlers → best position for patients who have difficulty breathing o Pursed lip breathing: exhalation is twice as long as inhalation ▪ COPD patients
42
Oxygen delivery system: Non-breather
AKA mask w/ reservoir bag delivers 100% oxygen to pt do not use on copd pts
43
Minimum urine output
30mL/hr
44
Is urinary incontinence a normal part of aging?
no
45
UTI's can cause __________ in elderly patients.
AMS
46
Before giving pt's antibiotics for UTI, what diagnostic test should be completed?
Urine culture to determine which bacteria you are treating
47
Where do you collect urine specimen from when pt has a cath?
From specimen port Not the collection bag
48
How do you prevent CAUTI?
asepsis technique, keep bag below bladder, no kinks in tubing
49
What macronutrient promotes healing?
protein
50
Metabolism
process by which the body converts food to energy
51
Nutrition is esp. important for post op patients, why?
promotes optimal healing
52
Constipation
increase fluid and fiber intake
53
Diabetic pts diet
low glycemic
54
First step after placing NG tube on pt, before giving any meds or food
radiographic (x-ray) verification is the most reliable method for confirming tube placement and must be performed before the first feeding is administered
55
Diets meant for short term use
NPO, clear liquid, full liquid
56
Surgery and diet progression
NPO → clear liquid → full liquid → surgical soft → regular diet o NPO used prior to surgery to prevent aspiration o Progression used to prevent vomiting —> can cause incision to open
57
Valsalva maneuver
act of bearing down to defecate Do not perform on clients with heart disease, glaucoma, increased ICP, or a new surgical wound ▪ Increases risk for cardiac arrythmias
58
Vagal response
dizziness, ringing ears
59
Is increased GI motility (peristalsis) a healthy response to intestinal infection?
Yes
60
Best position for enema
left lateral Sim's position
61
Florence Nightingale
founder of modern nursing reduced death rates by improving hygiene
62
Benner's models of novice to expert
novice advanced beginner competent proficient expert
63
Carbon monoxide poisoning
pt will be bright red in color
64
Ways to prevent pneumonia
early mobilization upright position turn, cough, deep breathe incentive spirometer
65
Nosocomial infection
infection acquired during hospitalization
66
Hypoxia
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
67
Hypoxemia
abnormally low concentrations of oxygen in the blood
68
Important w/ inhalers
ask pt to demonstrate inhaler technique, take as prescribed
69
Diagnostic testing for oxygenation status
ABG's peak flow monitoring
70
What type of finding is a cue?
abnormal
71
What does a nurse mean w/ a pt outcome
goals for the pt
72
Chain of infection - 6 components
Infectious agent- pathogen such as bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite. Reservoir- source of infection Portal of Exit- most frequent= bodily fluids mode of transmission ( direct/indirect) Portal of entry - body openings Susceptible host- person at risk of infections
73
Contact precautions
gloves and gown
74
First void after cath removal needs to be
measured
75
Macronutrients essential for
carbs- energy fats- brain and nerve function protein- healing
76
For IV contrast- its important to check for
iodine allergy
77
Responses to enema are governed by
height of solution container speed of flow concentration of the solution resistance of the rectum
78
Hypertonic enema
fleet: sodium maintain pressure on bottle until empty
79
What do you do if the pt you are administering an enema complains of abdominal cramping
slow the flow
80
Ostomy should be
red/pink and moist
81
NPO
nothing by mouth
82
Clear liquids
liquids that can be seen through clearly clear juices, pops, jello, clear broth, tea
83
Full liquids
Pourable consistency all liquids, milk, supplemental drinks, ice cream
84
ADPIE matches up with CJM Layer
3

PCC Lecture (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions