Exam #1 (Parasites) Flashcards by Caleb Bauman

liver hydatid cyst (watery), septations that can lead to calcifications

Echinoccocus

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Lung migrating parasite

Ascaris lubricoides
Necator americanus / Ancyclostoma duodenale
Strongyloides stercoralis

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Egg w bumpy edges

Ascaris lubricoides

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Whirl pool appearance on barium swallow

Ascaris lubricoides

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can lead to appendicitis

Enterobius vermiculuaris

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Egg w oval plugs on each end

Trichiuris trichiura

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Trichiuris trichiura treatment

Albendazole or Mebendazole

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associated w rectal prolapse

Trichiuris trichiura

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egg that has “flat edge” on one side

Enterobius vermiculuaris

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Iron Def anemia parasite and how

Necator americanus / Ancyclostoma duodenale

-due to blood loss - takes bite out of gut to hold on

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Hyperinfection syndrome w autoinfection state in immunosuppressed patients

Strongyloides stercoralis

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itching at site of inoculation (“running larva” bc can move 1cm in 5 minutes)

Strongyloides stercoralis

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Hyperinfections Syndrome symptoms

Immune compromised patient
Resp failure
Eosinophilia
Diffuse utucaria
Purpura

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Strongyloides stercoralis treatment

Ivermectin

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Trichinella spiralis

muscle pain, swelling, weakness, periorbital/facial edema

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Trichinella spiralis inoculation

eating uncooked bear/walrus or wild boar and moose meat that contains encysted larvae

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Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati inoculation

normally seen in dogs/cats but can accidentally get into humans where they hematogenously migrate everywhere (eyes, lungs, liver)

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Can cause posterior pole granuloma in eye leading to blindness

Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati

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Toxocara cani / Toxocara cati treatment

Albendazole +/- Prednisone

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Baylisascaris pyocyonis inoculation

normally found in raccoons but can accidentally infect humans by most likely raccoon feces

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Baylisascaris pyocyonis symptoms

migrate to nervous system causing eosinophilic meningitis

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ingestion of uncooked fish

Anisakis simplex and Capillaria phillippinensis

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Taenia saginata inoculation

ingestion of undercooked beef

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Double walled eggs in stool

Taenia saginata

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Proglottids in stool can be

Taenia saginata

New onset seizures in patients form Mexico and Central America

Taenia solium

Cysticercosis is caused by

Ingest Taenia solium egg from human stool -> form cysts -> neurocysticercosis

Diphyllobothrium latum inoculation

ingestion of cyst larva in undercooked freshwater fish

Taenia solium treatment

Praziquantal and addition of albendazole if Cysticercosis

Megaloblastic anemia dut to B12 def parasite

Diphyllobothrium latum

Oval eggs w operculum on one end

Diphyllobothrium latum

Larges tapeworm

Diphyllobothrium latum

Giardia lablia complications

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis

Entamoeba histolytica causes

Amoebic dysentery (diarrhea w visible blood and mucus)

Entamoeba histolytica treatment

Metronidazole paramycin

most common parasite found in human stool (usually non pathogenic)

Blastocystis hominis

Cryptosporidium parvum diagnosis

circular cyste seen on modified AFB stain (circle)

Cryptosporidium parvum treatment

Nitazoxanide

AIDs + diarrhea usually

Cryptosporidium parvum

Isosproa belli diagnossi

oral cyst seen on modified AFB stain (oval)

Clonorhcis sinesis can cause

sclerosing billiary cholangitis

Norovirus characterized by

Epidemic (cruise, locker room, dorm, daycare, resorts, restaurant) - non bloody diarrhea

not killed by alcohol or hand gels, must wash hands

norovirus | c. diff

Most common cause of diarrhea in infant and young children

Rotavirus

Pets such as turtles, reptiles, amphibians can cause

Salmonella enteritidis

Consumption of poultry, eggs, and milk products

Salmonella enteritidis

Salmonella enteritidis complications

- infective endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm | - reactive arthritis syndrome (Reiter’s Syndrome)

Salmonella enteritidis agar and appearance

Appears dark on Hektoen Enteric Agar

do you give antibiotics w Salmonella enteritidis

only in severe cases | antibiotics typically prolong carriage

chronic salmonella carrying

Chronic carriage can occur w biliary abnormalities (typically gallstones)

longitudinal ulcer found in ileum over Peyer's patches

Salmonella typhi | Salmonella paratyphi

Salmonella typhi progression

1st week: fever and pulse-temperature dissociation 2nd week: abdominal pain and rose spots 3rd week: severe worsening of symptoms, ileocecal lymphatic hyperplasia of Peyer’s patches, metal status changes

Widal Test

detects serum antibodies against enteric fever serotype Salmonellas

Salmonella typhi treatment

Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin

Shigella symptoms

Mucoid, bloody diarrhea Reactive arthritis Very high WBC could (>50,000)

Shigella agar

Appears clear on Hektoen Enteric Agar

Shigella treatment

hydration and supportive care -do NOT give anti-motility agents bc concerns of prolongation of fever, diarrhea, bacterial shedding, and inc complication

bloody, vulvovaginitis

shigella

Campylobacter symptoms

Abrupt onset abdominal pain (cramping around periumbilical region) Fever Diarrhea Pseudoappendicitis

Campylobacter can lead to

Guillain Barre Syndrome and delayed reactive arthritis can occur after illness

Campylobacter treatment

Azithromycin

Yersinia agar

bullseye colony on CIN agar

Vibrio parahaemolyticus agar

blue-green color on TCBS media (Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts)

Vibrio cholerae agar

TCBS media (turns media yellow)

“shooting star like projections” on dark field microscopy

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae treatment

fluid resuscitation, tetracyclines, supplement vitamin A and zinc in children

Tropheryma whipplei symptoms

- Migratory arthralgia in large joints - Weight loss - Intermittent diarrhea w malabsorption - Colicky abdominal pain

Tropheryma whipplei can cause

endocarditis

Clostridium difficile can cause

commonly seen w toxic megacolon -> C. diff causes wall thickening

Vibrio cholerae vs vibrio parahaemolyticus on agar

TCBS agar - Vibrio cholerae - yellow - vibrio parahaemolyticus- black no yellow

raw honey/canned foods

clostridium botulinum

dark meat fish poisoning symptoms

burning, itching, edema due to histidine -> histamine by bacteria -TUNA

Ingestion of reef fish causes

neurological symptoms for days-weeks | cold may feel hot/unpleasant (dysesthesias of temp)

puffer fish poisoning

tertrodotoxin - sodium channel blocker on neurons inhibiting neuron action potentials

Exam #1 (Parasites) Flashcards

(74 cards)