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BECOM 4 > Exam #1 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Exam #1 Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

which salicylates are absorbed at the colon

A

Olsalazine
Sulfasalazine
Balsalazide

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2
Q

IBD treatment

A

obtain remission w corticosteroids and maintain remission w salicylates

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3
Q

Sulfasalazine adverse effects

A

nausea, GI upset, headache
sulfa allergy via sulfapyridine
oligosperimia
inhibits folate absorption

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4
Q

antibiotics used to treat Crohn’s Disease

A

Ciprofloxacin
Metronidazole
**adjunctive

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5
Q

Ciprofloxacin MOA

A

topoisomerase II and IV inhibitor

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6
Q

Ciprofloxacin contraindications

A

Antacid use
Patient w/ arrythmias or who are taking drugs that produce prolongation of QT
Concurrent administration of tizanidine

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7
Q

Metronidazole contraindication

A

alcohol use

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8
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Forms toxic free radical metabolites that interacts with DNA disrupting its structure and inhibiting replication

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9
Q

Metronidazole adverse effects

A

peripheral neuropathy

METALLIC TASTE

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10
Q

6-mercaptopurine and Azathioprine active metabolite

A

6-thioionosinic acid

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11
Q

6-mercaptopurine and Azathioprine moa

A

mimic IMP inhibiting RNA and DNA synthesis

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12
Q

6-mercaptopurine and Azathioprine adverse effects

A

bone marrow depression leading to leukopenia
hepatic toxicity
INC RISK FOR MALIGNANCY

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13
Q

Infliximab adverse effects

A

inc risk for infection
headache
abdominal pain

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14
Q

Cimetidine adverse effects

A

Diarrhea, headache, drowsiness
gynecomastia
galactorrhea
big time CYP inhibitor (will inc effects of other drugs)

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15
Q

Cimetidine moa

A

binds H2 receptor on basolateral membrane of parietal cell preventing histamine from binding

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16
Q

Famotidine adveres effects

A

renal insufficiency

prolonged QT interval

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17
Q

Nizatidine adverse effects

A

dec B12 absorption by increasing pH

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18
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors MOA

A

suppresses both gastric basal and stimulated acid secretion by irreversible binding to and inhibiting the parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump
**IRREVERSIBLY INHIBIT via disulfide bond

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19
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors adverse effects

A

OSTEOPOROSIS
abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence vomiting, constipation (altered absorption)
headache

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20
Q

Omeprazole drug interaction

A 
dec antiviral effects
dec clopedigrel effects
inc methotrexate effects
inc warfarin effects
St. John Wart and Rifampin dec omeprazole effects via induction of CYP
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21
Q

Esomeprazole adverse effect

A

headache most common

osteoporosis

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22
Q

Lansoprazole is special bc

A

has no interaction w clopedigrel

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23
Q

Clarithromycin adverse effects

A 
Jaundice
Ototoxicity
Prolonged QT
Hepatoxicity 
CYP 3A4 inhibitor
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24
Q

Amoxicillin adverse effects

A 
Nephritis
Neurotoxicity
GI distress
Penicillin allergy (hypersensitivity)
Hematological toxicities
Diarrhea inc when given w Clavulanic acid
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25
H. pylori quadruple therapy
PPI or H2R antagonist Bismuth subsalicylate Metronidazole tetracycline
26
Aluminum hydroxide adverse effect
constipation | **slower effect but longer duration
27
Magnesium hydroxide adverse effect
diarrhea via Mg+2 stimulates gastric smooth muscle contraction **faster effect but shorter duration
28
Aluminum hydroxide and Magnesium hydroxide are mixed to...
dec adverse effects (counteract)
29
Sodium Bicarbonate adverse effects
flatulence with CO2 release
30
Sucralfate MOA
cytoprotective via viscous polymer that bind to and covers ulcer for up to 6hr
31
Antacids adverse effects
belching, nausea, abdominal distention, and flatulence with CO2 release Hypercalcemia…patients with uremia Rebound acid secretion…more frequent administration milk-alkali syndrome
32
the chemotherapeutic agent with higher emetogenic potential
Cisplatin
33
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting treatment
5-HT3 receptors antagonist enhanced by combination therapy with a corticosteroid (dexamethasone), NK1-receptor antagonist, and a dopamine D2 antagonist
34
Odansetron adverse effects
prolonged QT interval serotonin syndrome headache, dizziness
35
Aprepitant adverse effets
CYP 3A4 inhibitor Ketoconazole inc serum levels Contraindicated in patients on cisapride or pimozide, in whom life-threatening QT prolongation
36
H1 Receptor Antagonist name
Diphenhydramine -> drowsy Dimenhydrinate -> drowsy Meclizine (Minimal anticholinergic properties)
37
parietal cell receptors
H2: histamine -> Gs -> cAMP CCKB: gastrin -> Gq -> IP3/DAG M3: Ach -> Gq -> IP3/DAG
38
Hyoscine (scopolamine) indication
motion sickness
39
Metoclopramide MOA
Central D2 receptor antagonist with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist properties
40
Prochlorperazine, Promethazine antiemetic effects
inhibition of dopamine and muscarinic receptors
41
Olanzapine antiemetic effects
inhibition of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1c and 5-HT3 receptors
42
Droperidol antiemetic effects | indication
dopamine blockade indication: postoperative nausea and vomiting, in conjunction with opiates and benzodiazepines * *not first line
43
pregnancy nausea treatment
Pyridoxine (B6) + doxylamine (H1 antagonist)
44
DIAZEPAM and LORAZEPAM are used
before the initiation of chemotherapy to reduce the anticipatory vomiting caused by anxiety
45
Bethanechol, Carbachol MOA
Stimulate muscarinic M3 receptors on muscle cells and at myenteric plexus synapses **uncoordinated motility
46
Neostigmine MOA
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Increase the action of acetylcholine through inhibition of its metabolism at the myenteric plexus synapses **uncoordinated motility
47
Significant broad cholinergic effects
``` Bradycardia Flushing Diarrhea Cramps Miosis Salivation ```
48
METOCLOPRAMIDE and DOMPERIDONE MOA
inhibitor D2 receptor resulting in dec dopamine inhibition of gastric smooth muscle -> inc motility - In addition to, antagonism on D2R Metoclopramide also presents HT4R agonism
49
Cisapride MOA Adverse Effects
MOA: 5-HT4 agonist and weak 5-HT3 antagonist | Adverse Effects: prolonged QT interval, cardiac arrhythmia
50
Tegaserod MOA Indication
MOA: partial 5-HT4 agonist Indication: short term constipation in IBS
51
Bulk-forming Agents MOA Adverse Effets
``` MOA: absorb water, forming a bulky, emollient gel that distends the colon and promotes peristalsis -Psyllium -Methylcellulose -Polycarbophil Adverse Effects: bloating ```
52
Docusate MOA
soften stool material, permitting water and lipids to penetrate -soften stool material, permitting water and lipids to penetrate
53
Osmotic Laxatives agents
Magnesium hydroxide | Magnesium citrate
54
Magnesium citrate MOA
treatment of acute constipation or to cleanse the bowel prior to medical procedures
55
Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium citrate adveres effects
diarrhea dehydration hypermagnesium
56
Senna MOA
MOA: direct stimulation of the enteric nervous system and colonic electrolyte and fluid secretion Adverse Effects: brown pigmentation of the colon known as “melanosis coli"
57
Lubiprostone MOA
increases chloride-rich fluid secretion via stimulation of type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) into the intestine, which stimulates intestinal motility and shortens intestinal transit time
58
Linaclotide and Plecanatide MOA
stimulate intestinal chloride secretion by binding to and activating guanylate cyclase-C on the luminal surface **contraindicated in pediatric children
59
Methylnaltrexone MOA Indication Adverse effect
MOA: inhibits peripheral u-opioid receptor without effecting CNS Indication: opioid induced constipation Adverse effect: cardiotoxicity
60
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) MOA
antisecretory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Bismuth also relieves nausea and abdominal cramps.
61
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) indication
- traveler’s diarrhea | - direct antimicrobial activity against H pylori
62
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) adverse effects
Reye's syndrome Dark stool Black staining of the tongue
63
Loperamide MOA
agonist of u-opioid receptor without crossing BBB
64
Diphenoxylate MOA
agonist of u-opioid receptor that has no analgesic effects at low dose but does at high dose -prolonged use can lead to opioid dependence
65
Diphenoxylate adverse effects
toxic megacolon | opioid dependence
66
Loperamide indication
Traveler’s diarrhea in conjunction w antibiotics
67
Octreotide indication
VIPoma varices carcinoid tumor acromegaly
68
Crofelemer indication
diarrhea associated with antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS
69
Crofelemer MOA
by inhibiting the cyclic AMP stimulated CFTR Cl− channel and Ca+2 activated chloride ion channels on the luminal aspect of the enterocyte -> reducing water loss associated w chloride secretion -dont give if infection is present

BECOM 4 (4 decks)

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