Exam 1 - Part 1

Question 1

The study of forces and their effects

Answer 1

mechanics

Question 2

branch of mechanics that deals with geometry of the motion of objects (including displacement, acceleration, and velocity)

Answer 2

Kinematics

Question 3

study of relationships between the force system acting on the body and the changes it produces in body motion

Answer 3

kinetics

Question 4

uses principles of mechanics for solving problems related to structure and function of biologic and physiologic systems

Answer 4

biomechanics

Question 5

Examples of scalar quanitities

Answer 5

temperature, distance, speed and mass

Question 6

examples of vector quantities

Answer 6

displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum, force

Question 7

how much ground an object has covered during its motion

Answer 7

distance

Question 8

how far out of place an object is (overall change in position)

Answer 8

displacement

Question 9

how fast an object is moving/rate at which an object covers distance

Answer 9

speed

Question 10

rate at which an object changes its position (direction aware)

Answer 10

veloctiy

Question 11

the rate at which an object changes its position

Answer 11

acceleration

Question 12

what are two things the acceleration vector depends on?

Answer 12

whether the object is speeding up or slowing down and whether the object is moving in the positive or negative direction

Question 13

quantity of mater composing an object

Answer 13

mass

Question 14

mass in motion/quantity of motion an object posesses

Answer 14

momentum

Question 15

what is the equation for momentum?

Answer 15

Momentum = Mass x Velocity ( p=mv)

Question 16

action (Push/pull) upon a body causing it to deform or move - measured in N

Answer 16

force

Question 17

what is the equation for Force

Answer 17

Force = Mass x Acceleration

Question 18

force of gravity acting upon that object

Answer 18

Weight

Question 19

_____ newtons of force are required for 1mm of posterior to anterior shear (adjustive force)

Answer 19

260N

Question 20

What is Newtons 1st Law of Motion?

Answer 20

Law of Intertia ( **Capital I looks like a 1)

- an object at rest stays at rest and an object at motion stays at motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Question 21

What is Newtons 2nd Law of Motion

Answer 21

Law of Force and Acceleration (**2 things/quantities = #2)
- the acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting u[on the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object

Question 22

What is Newtons 3rd Law of Motion

Answer 22

Law of Action and Reaction
- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
(size of force on first object = size of force on second object)
(direction of force on first object is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object)

Question 23

force that resists the sliding of two objects in contact

Answer 23

friction

Question 24

intensity of force perpendicular to the surface on which it acts

Answer 24

normal stress

Question 25

intensity of force parallel to the surface on which it acts

Answer 25

shear stress

Question 26

exits when two contacting surfaces are not currently sliding relative to each other but do posses the potential for movement

Answer 26

static friction

Question 27

ratio required to initiate a sliding motion between two bodies (the difficulty of sliding any given surface over another because of their textures)

Answer 27

coefficient of Static Friction

Question 28

when two surfaces are already sliding relative to eachother

Answer 28

kinetic friction

Question 29

force required to maintain the sliding of an object

Answer 29

coefficient of kinetic friction

Question 30

which requires less force? Coefficient of static friction or kinetic friction

Answer 30

Kinetic

Question 31

Force that elongates or pulls things apart

Answer 31

Tensile Forces

Question 32

force that compacts an object

Answer 32

compressive force

Question 33

are tensile and compressive forces Normal forces?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

the magnitude of applied force acting over a given area

Answer 34

pressure

Question 35

What is the formula for pressure? what is it measured in?

Answer 35

P = force/area | Pascals

Question 36

______ is performed when an object is displaced by the application of a force

Answer 36

Work

Question 37

what is the equation for Work

Answer 37

W = Force x Distance

Question 38

the amount of mechanical work performed at a given interval

Answer 38

Power

Question 39

what is the equation for Power? What is it measured in?

Answer 39

Power = Work/Time | Watts

Question 40

energy that an object possesses due to motion

Answer 40

kinetic energy

Question 41

what has a large effect on kinetic energy? Why?

Answer 41

velocity, because it is squared in the equation | KE - 1/2mv^2

Question 42

the motion of one object with respect to a reference object

Answer 42

relative motion

Question 43

type of motion with a definite beginning and end

Answer 43

Discrete Motion

Question 44

Type of motion in which there are cycles of motion performed repeatedly with no well defined beginning or end points

Answer 44

Continuous Motion

Question 45

type of motion that appears continuous but at the end of a stroke the body is not in a position to make the next stroke

Answer 45

repeated discrete

Question 46

type of motion that appears to be somewhat continuous in nature but are really a combination of discrete motions

Answer 46

Serial

Question 47

movements are classified as gross or fine based on either the ____________ or the ____________

Answer 47

size of the muscle group responsible for the movement, or the precision of control necessary for the action

Question 48

____ movements result from major muscle group activity involving large muscles

Answer 48

Gross Movements

Question 49

______ movements are precise and controlled by small muscle groups of individual muscles

Answer 49

fine movements

Question 50

the path of motion around a fixed axis and therefore in a circular path

Answer 50

Angular Motion

Question 51

time rate of change of angular position of a rotating body

Answer 51

angular velocity

Question 52

time rate of change of angular velocity of a rotating body

Answer 52

angular acceleration

Question 53

the point about which a body rotates

Answer 53

axis of rotation

Question 54

perpendicular distance from an axis of rotation to a line along which a force acts

Answer 54

lever arm

Question 55

product of force and lever arm length (tendency of an eccentric force to rotate an object around an axis)

Answer 55

torque

Question 56

what should you do to the lever in order to achieve specificity

Answer 56

shorten it

Question 57

what should you do to a lever to require less force

Answer 57

lengthen it

Question 58

in this type of lever the fulcrum is between the effort and the load (teeter totter)

Answer 58

Type 1

Question 59

in this type of lever the load/resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort (Wheelbarrow)

Answer 59

Type 2

Question 60

in this type of lever the effort is between the fulcrum and the load (broom)

Answer 60

Type 3

Question 61

the ratio of the motive force (effort) to a given resistive force

Answer 61

mechanical advantage

Question 62

the point that represents the average location of a systems mass

Answer 62

center of mass

Question 63

the point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated

Answer 63

center of gravity

Question 64

where is the human body's center of gravity

Answer 64

4cm in front of the first sacral vertebra in the standing anatomic position