Exam 1 Part 2 (arthrokinematics)

Question 1

What are four advantages of the concave/convex relationship in joints?

Answer 1

increases contact surface area, contributes to joint stability, increases dissipation of contact forces, helps guide motion between the bones

Question 2

What are five movements that can occur between joint surfaces?

Answer 2

rolling, sliding, spin, distraction and longitudinal traction (pulling) and compression

Question 3

What is an example of a rolling joint?

Answer 3

femoral condyles rolling along the tibial plateau (roll occurs in the directions of movement, usually in combination with sliding or spinning)

Question 4

“multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?

Answer 4

rolling

Question 5

“a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?

Answer 5

sliding/gliding

Question 6

What is an example of a sliding joint?

Answer 6

carpal bones sliding along facet surfaces

Question 7

“a single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface” is an example of what type of joint movement?

Answer 7

spinning (does not occur by itself)

Question 8

What is an example of a spinning joint?

Answer 8

head of the radius at radiohumeral joint during pronation/supination.

Question 9

What happens during spinal longitudinal traction?

Answer 9

vertebral bodies separate, facets slide apart, foramens open

Question 10

What type of joint motion adds stability to a joint?

Answer 10

compression

Question 11

What is convex on concave motion?

Answer 11

when the concave side of a joint is stabilized and the convex surface slides in the OPPOSITE direction as it rolls

Question 12

What is concave on convex motion?

Answer 12

when the convex side of a joint s stabilized and the concabe joint surface slides in the SAME direction as it rolls

Question 13

what rule is followed to restore normal joint play and increase pain-free ROM?

Answer 13

the convex-concave rule

Question 14

What are two kinds of motion that can occur at the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 14

(roll, slide and spin) OR (just roll and spin but wo slide), both during abduction

Question 15

knee convex on concave roll, slide and spin occurs during knee flexion or extension?

Answer 15

knee extension

Question 16

knee concave on convex roll, slide and spin occurs during knee flexion or extension?

Answer 16

knee flexion

Question 17

What spinal motion occurs in the sagittal plane?

Answer 17

flexion and extension

Question 18

What spinal motion occurs in the frontal (coronal) plane?

Answer 18

lateral flexion

Question 19

What spinal motion occurs in the transverse plane?

Answer 19

rotation

Question 20

What is out-of-plane motion?

Answer 20

3D movement

Question 21

How many degrees of freedom do spinal segments exhibit?

Answer 21

6 (3 translations and 3 rotations)

Question 22

around what hypothetical point to spinal segments rotate around?

Answer 22

instantaneous axis of rotation, the IAR

Question 23

What is a spinal motion segment?

Answer 23

the function unit of the spine- two vertebrae with one intervertebral disc, exhibiting 6 degrees of freedom

Question 24

What four ligamentous structures surround the spinal motion segment?

Answer 24

capsular ligament, joint space of zygapophyseal joint, superior articular facets, capsule of zygapophyseal joint

Question 25

What position of the spine is used for traction, joint mobilization and maximum joint play?

Answer 25

loose-packed joint position, halfway between flexion and extension

Question 26

when there is no joint-play and there is maximal contact between spinal articular surfaces, this is called _____ join position

Answer 26

closed-packed joint position- can occur either in flexion or extension

Question 27

how many cervical, thoracic and lumber vertebrae are there?

Answer 27

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5)

Question 28

flexion of the spine occurs mostly in which spinal region?

Answer 28

mostly lumbar, some cervical and minimal thoracic

Question 29

extension of the spine occurs mostly in which region?

Answer 29

mostly cervical, some lumber and minimal thoracic

Question 30

lateral flexion occurs mostly in which spinal region?

Answer 30

mostly cervical, minimal lumbar and thoracic

Question 31

rotation of the spine occurs mostly in which spinal region?

Answer 31

mostly cervical, considerable thoracic, very minimal lumber rotation

Question 32

At the atlanto-occipital joint, what motion occurs and which facets are convex/concave?

Answer 32

occipital condyles (convex) articulate with the atlas facet joints (convex), allowing the condyles to ROCK

Question 33

What kind of motion occurs at the C0-C1 joint?

Answer 33

posterior gliding (flexion) and anterior rolling (extension). also minimal lateral flexion

Question 34

upon c0-c1 rotation, the occiput glides ______on the side of rotation and _____ on the side opposite of rotation.

Answer 34

posteriorly on the side of rotation and anteriorly on the side opposite of rotation

Question 35

What type of joint is the atlas-odontoid joint?

Answer 35

a synovial joint

Question 36

What ligamentous structures are associated with the atlanto-odotoid joint?

Answer 36

transverse ligament, occipital-odontoid, atlas-odontoid ligaments

Question 37

in c1-c2 flexion, C1 glides posteriorly/anteriorly?

Answer 37

posteriorly

Question 38

in c1-c2 extension, C1 glides_______

Answer 38

anteriorly

Question 39

in C1-C2 lateral flexion, the articular surfaces of C1 glide away from/in the direction of the side of lateral flexion?

Answer 39

in the direction of the side of lateral flexion

Question 40

What accounts for half of cervical rotation?

Answer 40

C1-C2 odontoid rotation (accounts for the first 25degs of cervical rotation)

Question 41

C2 flexion/extension is primarily what type of movement?

Answer 41

translation

Question 42

what happens during C2/cervical flexion?

Answer 42

ant disc compression, posterios distraction. facets glide apart, stretch and joint gaps

Question 43

what happens during C2/cervical extension?

Answer 43

posterior compression, anterior disc distraction. facets approximate and inferior margins compress

Question 44

In C3-C7, which is bigger? the vertebral body width or the A-P length?

Answer 44

vertebral width

Question 45

C3-C7 articular facets are at_____ degs angle with the transverse plane and ______ to the frontal plane

Answer 45

45 deg angle to the transverse plane, parallel with the frontal (coronal) plane

Question 46

What do the joints of Luschka do? (aka interbody/uncovertebral joints)

Answer 46

limit lateral flexion, guide the coupling the lateral flexion with rotation. formed ages 6/9 to 18

Question 47

What type of curve is the cervical curve, and is it primary or secondary?

Answer 47

lordotic curve, forms secondary (in response to upright posture)

Question 48

Are cervical discs higher in the anterior or posterior side?

Answer 48

higher in the anterior side- thus contributes to lordosis

Question 49

What kind of movement is predominant in the cervical spine?

Answer 49

flexion/extension, which is a combination of segmental tipping (sagittal rotation) and gliding (sagittal translation)

Question 50

does lateral flexion decrease or increase as one moves caudally down the cervical spine?

Answer 50

lateral flexion decreases as one moves caudally down the spine

Question 51

What motion is coupled with lateral flexion of the cervical spine? and does this coupling decrease or increase caudally?

Answer 51

ipsilateral axial rotation, this coupling decreases caudallly