Exam 1 part 5

Question 1

developmental process by which the mature human ovum is formed, haploid number of chromosomes

Answer 1

Oogenesis

Question 2

Process by which the cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells each with 46 chromosomes

Answer 2

mitosis

Question 3

Cellular division for sexual reproduction

Haploid results in 23 chromosomes

Answer 3

meiosis

Question 4

degenerates without implantation

Answer 4

corpus luteum

Question 5

when does an unfertilized oocyte die

Answer 5

12-24 hours after ovulation

Question 6

how long do sperm survive in the uterus

Answer 6

48-80

Question 7

sperm swimming penetrates the

Answer 7

Corona radiata

Question 8

sperm binding to the ____ is critical

Answer 8

Zona pellucida ZP3

Question 9

membrane fusion

Answer 9

acrosomal reaction

Question 10

releases hydrolytic enzyme (acrosin is a membrane bound seine protease)

Answer 10

everts acrosomal reaction

Question 11

fertilization occurs in the ____ of the fallopian tube

Answer 11

ampulla

Question 12

high____ levels increase contractibility of tubes to help move ovum
Helps thin cervical mucous

Answer 12

estrogen

Question 13

when is the morula is 16 cell solid sphere

Answer 13

3 days

Question 14

when is it a blastocyte

Answer 14

5 days

Question 15

inner cell mass

Answer 15

embryoblast= embryo

Question 16

outer layer of cells/ trophoblast

Answer 16

becomes part of the placenta

Question 17

pre embryonic

Answer 17

1-14 days

Question 18

embryo

Answer 18

time of fertilized ovum to fetus 2nd-8th week

Question 19

fetus

Answer 19

from 8th week until birth 40 weeks

Question 20

all tissue products of conception (embryo, fetal membranes and placenta)

Answer 20

conceptus

Question 21

the innermost of the three primarily germ layers of an animal embryo, developing into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs, and associated structures
also called hypoblast

Answer 21

Endoderm

Question 22

an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mothers blood supply

Answer 22

placenta

Question 23

is the outer layer of the early embryo

It emerges first and forms from the outer layer of germ cells

Answer 23

ectoderm

Question 24

the middle embryonic germ layer, lying between the ectoderm and the endoderm from which connective tissue, muscle, bone, and the urogenital and circulatory system develops

Answer 24

mesoderm

Question 25

when do the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm form

Answer 25

between days 15-18

Question 26

the endometrium during pregnancy except at the site of the implanted blastocyst

Answer 26

Decidua parientalis- vera

Question 27

what does the endoderm create

Answer 27

lungs, intestines, bladder

Question 28

Three shunts bypass fetal liver and lungs

Answer 28

Ductus venosus Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosus

Question 29

placental functions

Answer 29

Metabolic endocrine immunologic transport

Question 30

Foramen ovale

Answer 30

rt atrium/ lt atrium

Question 31

ductus arteriosus

Answer 31

pulmonary artery to aorta

Question 32

Protection of the fetus from pathogens Large bacteria are prevented but many bacteria and viruses are smaller and do cross Maternal igG cross

Answer 32

immunologic placental functions

Question 33

Mechanisms include: passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, bulk flow, accidental capillary breaks, independent movement

Answer 33

transport placental functions

Question 34

``` Physical protection of fetus Uniform pressure Even temperature fluid to drink and breath medium of movement wedge for childbirth excretion and collection system ```

Answer 34

amniotic fluid function

Question 35

from it develops the chorionic villa that enter the endometrium with implantation-gives rise to placenta

Answer 35

blastocyte

Question 36

the innermost fetal membrane: a thin thansparent sac that holds the fetus suspended in the liquor amnii – or amniotic fluid- grows rapidly and by the end of the 3rd month fuses with chorion- forming the amniotic sac– bag of waters

Answer 36

Amnion

Question 37

is a membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment -first appears during the fifth week of pregnancy and grows to be no larger than 6 mm. Yolk sacs larger than 6 mm are usually indicative of an abnormal pregnancy. Failure to identify (with transvaginal ultrasound) a yolk sac when the gestational sac has grown to 12 mm is also usually indicative of a failed pregnancy. Is early site of homeogenesis

Answer 37

yolk sac

Question 38

the part of the decidua that surrounds the chorionic sac

Answer 38

Decidua capsularias

Question 39

the part of the uterine decidua that unites with the chorion to form the placenta

Answer 39

Decidua basalis

Question 40

causes of longer umbilical cord

Answer 40

vascular occlusion | thrombi, fetus, and true

Question 41

oxygenated fetal blood via 1 umbilical

Answer 41

vein

Question 42

oxygen depleted fetal blood via 2

Answer 42

arteries

Question 43

makes glycogen, fatty acids, cholesterol, and enzymes | Produces ammonia and lactate that stimulate the fetal liver

Answer 43

Metabolic placental functions

Question 44

HCG, hPL, estrogen, progesterone, various growth factors, oxytocin, various pituitary

Answer 44

endocrine placental functions

Question 45

can breath/ lacks surfactant

Answer 45

28 weeks from LMP

Question 46

how big is an embryo at four weeks

Answer 46

4 mm long

Question 47

inhibited fetal swallowing

Answer 47

polyhydramnios

Question 48

fetal urinary obstruction or renal agenesis

Answer 48

oligo

Question 49

how long is the umbilical cord

Answer 49

55cm

Question 50

extracellular matrix consisting of specialized connective tissue

Answer 50

whartons jelly

Question 51

causes of extremely short umbilical cord

Answer 51

abruptio placenta | unterine inversion

Question 52

fetal heart begins to beat

Answer 52

4 weeks from conception

Question 53

all organs are formed

Answer 53

8 weeks from conception

Question 54

heart beat heard with doppler

Answer 54

9-12 weeks from LMP

Question 55

babys sex may able to be seen

Answer 55

11 weeks from LMP

Question 56

mother feels movement

Answer 56

17-20 weeks from LMP

Question 57

respiratory movements

Answer 57

24 weeks from LMP

Question 58

brain before lungs

Answer 58

cephalcocaudal

Question 59

arms before fingers

Answer 59

proximodistal