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GI 2 Exam 1 > Exam 1 Pharm: Agents for Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain and Constipation > Flashcards

Exam 1 Pharm: Agents for Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain and Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

Drug classes used to treat diarrhea (4)

A

Prostaglandin inhibitors
Opioid agonists
Serotonin antagonists
Chloride channel inhibitors

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2
Q

Drugs classes used to treat constipation (5)

A 
Peripheral opioid antagonists
Guanalate Cyclase-C Agonists
Selective chloride (C2) channel activators
Serotonin Type-4 Partial Agonists
Laxatives & Cathartics
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3
Q

Diarrhea treatment

Opioid agonist that can cause cardiotoxicity if patients overdose on it

A

Loperamide

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4
Q

Diarrhea treatment

Opioid agonist with small quantity of atropine added to discourage abuse (because can have opioid effects at high doses)

A

Diphenoxylate

D for Discourage opioid abuse and Diphenoxylate

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5
Q

Diarrhea treatment (specifically IBS-D)

Opioid agonist that is an agonist at GI mu and kappa receptors, and is an antagonist at GI delta receptors

A

Eluxadoline

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6
Q

Diarrhea treatment (IBS-D)

Serotonin antagonist that selectively blocks GI 5-HT3 receptors, indicated for IBS-D not responsive to other therapies, can cause ishemic colitis

A

Alosetron

*Black box warning! can cause ischemic colitis

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7
Q

Diarrhea treatment

Chloride channel inhibitor, inhibits CFTR and CaCC in intestine, indicated for diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients

A

Crofelemer

C for Chloride Channels and Crofelemer

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8
Q

Prostaglandin inhibitor used to treat diarrhea

A

Bismuth

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9
Q

Constipation treatment (OIC)

Peripheral opioid antagonists (2) that act on mu receptors, indicated for opioid induced constipation

A

Methylnaltrexone

Naloxegol

*other is alvimopan (used only to prevent post bowel resection surgery ileus)

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10
Q

Constipation treatment

Peripheral opioid antagonist that acts on mu receptors, ONLY INDICATION is to accelerate GI recovery following bowel resection surgery (prevents postoperative ileus), carries high risk of MI with use

A

Alvimopan (high MI risk after use!)

*other peripheral opioid antagonists are methylnaltrexone and naloxegol

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11
Q

Constipation treatment (IBS-C and CIC)

Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonist, increases intracellular cGMP, which then stimulates Cl and bicarb secretion by intestinal cells, which draws fluid into the bowel

A

Linaclotide

C for guanylate cyclase-C and linaClotide

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12
Q

Constipation treatment (IBS-C, CIC, OIC)

Selective chloride (C2) channel activator that is a PROSTaglandin-E1 derivative that activates GI specific chloride channels (CIC-2) in luminal cells of intestinal epithelium

A

Lubiprostone

PROST for lubiPROSTone and PROSTaglandin-E1

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13
Q

Constipation treatment (IBS-C in women <65)

Serotonin type-4 (5HT4) receptor partial agonist that stimulates peristalsis and intestinal fluid secretion

A

Tegaserod (toget a rod out of your ass)

contraindicated in people with a medical history that probs matches up with a lot of old people (MI, TIA, angina, CVA, CKI, hepatic impairment, GI ischemia/obstruction/gallbladder dz/adhesions)

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14
Q

Increase bulk-volume and water content of stool, may be used in people who dont eat a lot to help promote bowel movements

A

Bulk forming agents

Dietary fiber
Psyllium
-cellulose
Calcium polycarbophil

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15
Q

Stool softeners, anionic surfactants that soften and lubricate feces, do not act as laxatives and mainly just soften the stool

A 
Docusate salts
Mineral oil (penetrates stool to soften)
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16
Q

Stimulate peristalsis by irritating and causing inflammation in enterocytes and GI smooth muscle (Na/K ATPase inhibition increases prostaglandin secretion)

A

Stimulant agents

Senna
Bisacodyl
Glycerin
Sodium Picosulfate

17
Q

Stimulant agent metabnolically converted to magnesium citrate (osmotic) and is used for pre-colonoscopy bowel prep

A

Sodium Picosulfate

P for Pre-colonoscopy and sodium Picosulfate

18
Q

Stimulant agent that causes urine discoloration (yellow-brown or red-pink)

A

Senna

19
Q

Salts that draw water into the bowel through osmosis, use cautiously in patients on diuretics, renal disease or CHF (electrolyte balance)

A

Saline agents

Magnesium salts
Potassium salts
Sodium salts

*3 salt combo can be used for pre-colonoscopy

20
Q

Agents that draw water into the bowel through osmosis, like saline agents

A

Osmotic agents

Lactulose
Lactitol
Polyethylene glycol
Sorbitol

21
Q

Osmotic agent used to help treat severe liver disease (hyperammonemia), traps ammonia in GI

A

Lactulose

L for Lactulose and Liver disease tx

22
Q

Osmotic agent that can be used in large doses to quickly pass stool, and is used for pre-colonoscopy bowel prep

A

Polyethylene glycol

P for Pre-colonoscopy and Polyethylene glycol

also think Poly for big dose

23
Q

Bismuth drug class

A

Prostaglandin inhibitor (anti-diarrheal)

24
Q

Loperamide drug class

A

Opioid agonist (anti-diarrheal)

25
Q

Diphenoxylate drug class

A

Opioid agonist (anti-diarrheal)

26
Q

Eluxadoline drug class

A

Opioid agonist (anti-diarrheal)

27
Q

Alosetron drug class

A

Serotonin antagonist (anti-diarrheal)

28
Q

Crofelemer drug class

A

Chloride channel inhibitor (anti-diarrheal)

29
Q

Methylnaltrexone drug class

A

Peripheral opioid antagonist (anti-constipation)

30
Q

Naloxegol drug class

A

Peripheral opioid antagonist (anti-constipation)

31
Q

Alvimopan drug class

A

Peripheral opioid antagonist (anti-constipation)

32
Q

Linaclotide drug class

A

Guanylate cyclase C agonist (anti-constipation)

33
Q

Lubiprostone drug class

A

Selective chloride channel activator (anti-constipation)

34
Q

Tegaserod drug class

A

Serotonin Type 4 partial agonist (anti-constipation)

35
Q

Opioid agonists used to treat diarrhea

A

Loperamide
Diphenoxylate
Eluxadoline

36
Q

Peripheral opioid antagonists used to treat constipation

A

Methylnaltrexone
Naloxegol
Alvimopan

GI 2 Exam 1 (7 decks)

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