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BOT 3015 > Exam 1: PPT Slides > Flashcards

Exam 1: PPT Slides Flashcards

Objectives and vocab from the PowerPoints (98 cards)

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1
Q

The two systems that plants have…

A

Roots & Shoots

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2
Q

A plant’s vegetative organs…

A

Leaves & Stems

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3
Q

A plant’s reproductive organs…

A

Flowers & Fruits

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4
Q

Determinate growth

A

Maximum growth size is genetically determined; growth stops after a time

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5
Q

Indeterminate growth

A

Maximum growth is not genetically determined; parts are able to keep growing through life

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6
Q

Site of cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

Middle Lamella

A

thin layer of protein binding adjacent cells

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8
Q

primary cell wall

A

cellulose-containing layer laid down by cells that are growing and dividing

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9
Q

secondary cell wall

A

layers deposited inner to the primary wall; as it grows, it pushes the cell membrane in

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10
Q

all tissues originate from…

A

meristematic tissues

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11
Q

because plant tissue is totipotent it…

A

can regenerate the whole plant

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12
Q

apical meristem

A

located at very end of stems and roots

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13
Q

protoderm

A

gives rise to epidermis

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14
Q

ground meristem

A

gives rise to ground tissue (photosynthetic, storage, support)

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15
Q

procambium

A

gives rise to vascular tissue (transport)

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16
Q

lateral meristem

A

responsible for secondary growth

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17
Q

vascular cambium

A

arises from the procambium; gives rise to vascular tissue

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18
Q

cork cambium

A

arises from the pericycle and cortex; produces periderm

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19
Q

intercalary meristems

A

meristematic tissue only available in gasses

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20
Q

a typical seed contains…

A

an embryo
a nutrient source
a protective coating

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21
Q

embryogenesis

A

development of the embryo

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22
Q

step 1 of embryogenesis

A

the developing seed contains the endosperm and zygote

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23
Q

step 2 of embryogenesis

A

the zygote divides to form the proembryo which is anchored to the micropyle by the suspensor

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24
Q

step 3 of embryogenesis

A

globular stage: a spherical mass of cells

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25
step 4 of embryogenesis
heart stage: heart shape gives rise to cotyledons
26
step 5 of embryogenesis
torpedo stage: shoot apical meristem is between the cotyledons
27
step 6 of embryogenesis
the mature embryo includes the radicle, the hypocotyl, the epicotyl, and the ovule has developed into a seed coat
28
monocot embryogenesis has no...
heart stage
29
seed coat layers
testa (outer) and tegman (inner)
30
hilium
place where seed attaches to endocarp (inner layer of fruit)
31
micropyle
where the pollen tube enters
32
plume
young shoot containing the shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia
33
radicle
embryonic root
34
hypocotyl
region between cotyledon attachment point and radicle
35
epicotyl
region between cotyledon attachment and shoot tip
36
seeds are highly specialized in the...
Poaceae family
37
barriers in the seed coat
physical dormancy & chemical dormancy
38
physical dormancy
impermeability to water or oxygen
39
chemical dormancy
compounds in seed coat inhibit germination
40
barriers in the embryo
physiological dormancy, endodormancy, & ecodormancy
41
physiological dormancy
embryo requires environmental conditions to complete matuaration
42
endodormancy
internal biochemical processes must be met before germination can begin
43
ecodormancy
external factors are not optical for germination
44
steps to initiate germination
initiation, enzyme activation, and breakdown of starch into sugar
45
epigeous
the hypocotyl elongates and cotyledons extend above ground
46
hypogeous
the epicotyl elongates and cotyledons remain belowground
47
in epigeous eudicots...
the hypocotyl is shaped like a hook w/ the plume pointing downwards the plume is encased by cotyledons after emergence, the hypocotyl straightens and the epicotyl elongates
48
in hypogeous eudicots...
the epicotyl forms a hook the cotyledons and hypocotyl remain underground
49
in epigeous monocts...
the single cotyledon bends into a hook and emerges before the coleoptile
50
in hypogeous monocots...
the cotyledon remains belowground and the coleoptile emerges first
51
two types of root systems
tap root & fibrous root
52
root functions
anchorage support absorption nutrient storage
53
tap root
persists throughout the plant's life, has a vertical growing primary root
54
fibrous root
begins with the radicle, but the primary root stops growing and rots away
55
root apical meristem
area of cell division protected by the root cap
56
new cells only have...
primary cell walls
57
stem functions
support conduction photosynthesis (green only) food storage
58
nodes
points of attachment
59
internode
area between two nodes; elongates early in development to ensure leaf separation
60
auxiliary bud
area between leaf and stem; gives rise to a new shoot
61
secondary growth
increase in thickness or girth by cell division
62
secondary meristem
vascular cambium & cork cambium
63
stem vascular cambium
divides into secondary xylem and secondary phloem
64
bark consists of...
all tissue external to the vascular cambium
65
inner bark
secondary phloem, the cortex, and the phelloderm
66
outer bark
cork cambium and everything else
67
wood consists of...
original pith, primary xylem, and secondary xylem
68
heartwood
oldest layers of secondary xylem which NO longer conduct water
69
sapwood
water-conducting xylem in the periphery of heartwood
70
the terminal bud of the winter twig is...
protected by bud scales
71
lateral (axial) buds
can give rise to branching
72
main types of branching
monopodial & sympodial
73
monopodial
buds do NOT degrade and all shoots continue to grow
74
sympodial
terminal buds degrade and lateral buds closest to the apex become the new terminal shoot
75
leaves arise from the shoot apical meristem through...
leaf primordia
76
true leaves
subtend an auxiliary bud at their base and are lateral
77
leaf morphology
blade, petiole, midrib
78
petiolate leaves
leaves containing visible petiole
79
sessile leaves
leaves without visible petiole
80
peltate leaves
special type of petiolate leaves; petiole attaches underneath the blade
81
perfoliate leaves
special type of sessile leaves; the stem passes through the center of the blade
82
phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaves on the stem
83
alternate
one leaf per node
84
opposite (deccusate)
pair of opposite leaves rotated at 90*
85
opposite (distichous)
pair of opposite leaves in the same plane
86
whorled
three or more leaves per node
87
simple leaf
blade is undivided
88
compound leaf
blade is completely divided into leaflets
89
palmately compound
leaflets radiate from a single point
90
pinnately compound
leaves originate from the midrib (feather-like)
91
doubly compound
rachis originate from midrib and then divide into leaflets
92
parallel venation
veins run longitudinally
93
pinnate venation
branch from main vein
94
palmate venation
arise from a single point at base of leaf
95
plant morphology
study of physical form and external structure of plants
96
plant anatomy
study of tissues and cell structure of plant organs
97
anatomy of herbaceous stems are...
produced by primary growth
98

BOT 3015 (3 decks)

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