Exam 1 Practice Questions

Question 1

How would the genetic inheritance of a gene producing abnormal gap junctions affect muscle tissue?

Answer 1

Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle would function abnormally. Skeletal muscle would be unaffected.

Question 2

A tissue found at surfaces, composed of one or more layers of closely adhering cells, is called _________ tissue.

Answer 2

epithelial

Question 3

Which tissues can be described as excitable because they are able to respond to outside stimuli by changing their membrane potential?

Answer 3

nervous and muscular

Question 4

Which of the following is not a feature of epithelia?

Answer 4

abundant extracellular matrix

Question 5

What are the four primary types of tissue?

Answer 5

Epithelial, muscular, connective, nervous

Question 6

An epithelium with a single layer of tall cells would be classified as which type of epithelium?

Answer 6

simple columnar epithelium

Question 7

Tissue found in the _______ that contains ________cells is called nervous tissue.

Answer 7

brain; excitable

Question 8

Layers of closely packed cells that are found covering or lining body surfaces, as in the ________ of the skin, are called _________ tissue.

Answer 8

epidermis; epithelial

Question 9

_________ tissue consists of excitable cells that are specialized for _______ and found in the heart.

Answer 9

Muscle; contraction

Question 10

_______ tissue usually has more matrix than cells. Some forms of this are bone, adipose, and blood.

Answer 10

connective

Question 11

All cells in _________ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

Answer 11

pseudostratified columnar

Question 12

Blood functions to _________________

Answer 12

transport nutrients to tissues

Question 13

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?
Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency
The presence of collagen
The presence of fibroblasts
A calcified matrix
Very conspicuous fibers

Answer 13

a calcified matrix

Question 14

During removal of a lump from a patient’s breast, a surgeon wants to know if they have gotten all of a cancerous mass or not. Which type of biopsy would they send to the pathologist?

Answer 14

Excisional biopsy

Question 15

Which type of connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries, and in the airway?

Answer 15

elastic tissue

Question 16

Most glands are enclosed in a fibrous

Answer 16

capsule

Question 17

The glands are divided into _______ by _________

Answer 17

lobes; connective

Question 18

The glandular tissue is supported and organized by the ________, made of ________ tissue

Answer 18

stroma; connective

Question 19

The _______, typically made of ________ tissue, carry out the functions of the gland.

Answer 19

parenchyma; epithelial

Question 20

Neurons usually have multiple short, branched processes called _________, which receive signals from other cells and conduct messages to the _________.

Answer 20

dendrites; cell body

Question 21

Why are injections frequently administered into the hypodermis?

Answer 21

The subcutaneous tissue is highly vascular.

Question 22

Because it houses many nerve endings and sensory organs, the skin is responsible for much of our _______

Answer 22

sensation

Question 23

Through vasodilation in times of excessive heat, and vasoconstriction during times of cold, the blood flow to the dermis aids the body through ________

Answer 23

Thermoregulation

Question 24

Skeletal muscle attachments to facial structures produce a wide variety of expressions and ___________ with other individuals

Answer 24

product nonverbal communication

Question 25

Which cell is only found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum?

Answer 25

dendritic cells

Question 26

Skin covering the _________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands.

Answer 26

fingertips

Question 27

Dendritic cells located in the epidermis function to support the ________ system by detecting and alerting the body to infectious or harmful agents.

Answer 27

lymphatic

Question 28

Accessory structures of the skin, such as nose hairs, serve the __________ system by providing a mechanical filter against large objects entering the body.

Answer 28

respiratory

Question 29

Active forms of vitamin D, as produced by the skin, improve the absorption of calcium from the _______ system

Answer 29

digestive

Question 30

As secreted in sweat, the skin aids the _______ system in ridding the body of metabolic wastes and excess electrolytes.

Answer 30

urinary

Question 31

Most of the skin is _________ mm thick.

Answer 31

1 to 2

Question 32

A(n) _________ would not involve damage to the structures that comprise the skeletal system.

Answer 32

ruptured calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Question 33

Red bone marrow does not contain _______

Answer 33

yellow bone marrow

Question 34

Which of the following best describes osseous tissue?

Answer 34

A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

Question 35

The thin layer of slightly denser spongy bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the _______

Answer 35

epiphyseal plate

Question 36

Sunlight contacting the epidermis converts _________ Correctto vitamin D3, otherwise known as cholecalciferol

Answer 36

7-dehydrocholesterol

Question 37

Transported via the blood to the liver, ________ is converted to calcidiol.

Answer 37

cholecalciferol

Question 38

Calcidiol returns to the blood once again where transport to the kidneys then allows the final conversion to ______

Answer 38

calcitriol

Question 39

Now in the most active form, calcitriol acts to ________ blood calcium by acting on three target organs: 1) the small intestine, 2) skeleton, and 3) ________

Answer 39

increase; kidneys

Question 40

The ____________ are found deep in the diaphyses of long bones and are filled with yellow marrow in the adult.

Answer 40

marrow cavities

Question 41

Located in the middle of osteons, the __________ contain the blood vessels and nervous supply of the compact bones.

Answer 41

central canals

Question 42

Filled with ________, which are osteoblasts encased in matrix, _________ are found between layers of concentric lamellae.

Answer 42

osteocytes; lacunae

Question 43

Osteocytes maintain contact with neighboring osteocytes in adjacent lamellae via dendrite-like extensions through ________

Answer 43

canaliculi

Question 44

What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus?

Answer 44

yellow bone marrow

Question 45

________ is/are found in compact bone but not spongy bone.

Answer 45

central canals

Question 46

The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called _________, and they contain _________.

Answer 46

lacunae; osteocytes

Question 47

Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _________ promotes bone resorption but is also necessary for bone deposition.

Answer 47

calcitriol

Question 48

Which of the following does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia?

Answer 48

Removal of the thyroid gland

Question 49

The expanded ends of a long bone are called the

Answer 49

epiphyses

Question 50

It is common to find _________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.

Answer 50

central canals

Question 51

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the _________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the _________.

Answer 51

periosteum; endosteum

Question 52

Humans are theorized to have descended from ancestors that were ________ or tree-dwelling creatures.

Answer 52

arboreal

Question 53

The ability of the thumb to cross over the palm and contact the smallest digit describes ________ functionality

Answer 53

opposable

Question 54

Due to the adaptation of opposition, _________ function allowed a species the ability to grasp, and thus to better cling, to branches.

Answer 54

prehensive

Question 55

An adaptation of the eyes, resulting in a large portion of the visual field being seen in duplicate, allowed for _______ vision. Visual inputs from two slightly different positions in space allowed for depth perception and increased maneuverability in the trees.

Answer 55

stereoscopic

Question 56

As human ancestors transitioned to terrestrial existences, _________ developed. This allowed for greater altitude of observation while on the ground and the ability to use the hands and arms for carrying objects during locomotion.

Answer 56

bipedalism

Question 57

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as _______ glands

Answer 57

compound acinar

Question 58

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 58

hyaline cartilage

Question 59

Which of the following is not a function of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 59

filtration

Question 60

The general term for glands that secrete their products directly into ducts is ______

Answer 60

exocrine

Question 61

Glands that have lost contact with a body surface are called _________, and secrete their products into capillary rich interstitial spaces for quick distribution throughout the body.

Answer 61

endocrine

Question 62

Glands that have a branched duct are known as _______

Answer 62

compound

Question 63

Exocrine glands that are devoid of branches are referred to as ________ glands

Answer 63

simple

Question 64

When glands have dilated, pouch-like endings, they are referred to as _______ glands

Answer 64

acinar

Question 65

Glands often have secretory cells located in the duct as well as the acinus. These are referred to as ________ glands

Answer 65

tubuloacinar

Question 66

Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 66

lower blood calcium

Question 67

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

Answer 67

osteoclasts

Question 68

To help regulate body calcium levels, bone has two reserves. The disadvantage of the stable reserve is that it __________

Answer 68

cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid