Final Practice Questions

Question 1

How does a neuron transport enzymes produced in the cell body to its axon terminals?

Answer 1

along microtubules

Question 2

Which ion has the greatest influence on the resting membrane potential?

Answer 2

potassium

Question 3

Which term describes all neurons that carry signals towards the CNS?

Answer 3

afferent

Question 4

The _________ division tends to prepare the body for action.

Answer 4

sympathetic

Question 5

In an action potential, which event directly follows repolarization?

Answer 5

Hyperpolarization of the membrane

Question 6

What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Answer 6

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 7

Which statement about the nervous and endocrine systems is true?

Answer 7

Both systems are dedicated to maintaining stable internal conditions by detecting and responding to stimuli.

Question 8

What is the opposite of presynaptic inhibition?

Answer 8

Facilitation

Question 9

A neuron receives a stimulus. Which of the following events happens next?

Answer 9

A local potential develops

Question 10

Which glial cell is found wrapped around axons in the PNS?

Answer 10

Schwann cells

Question 11

Where are axons surrounded by Schwann cells found?

Answer 11

In the PNS

Question 12

Conduction of a nerve impulse would be the fastest in which of the following?

Answer 12

A large diameter myelinated axon

Question 13

Some _________ neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas _________ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system.

Answer 13

afferent; efferent

Question 14

The connective tissue that surrounds a nerve fascicle is called the __________.

Answer 14

perineurium

Question 15

The bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 is called the __________.

Answer 15

cauda equina

Question 16

There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves.

Answer 16

31

Question 17

Cerebrospinal fluid fills the space between the

Answer 17

arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 18

The structure found between the posterior rootlets and the posterior root ganglion is called the ______

Answer 18

posterior root of a spinal nerve

Question 19

Nerve fibers are insulated from one another by

Answer 19

endoneurium

Question 20

Which of the following is an ascending tract of the spinal cord?

Answer 20

Gracile fasciculus

Question 21

The cervical plexus is the origin of the _________ nerve(s)

Answer 21

phrenic

Question 22

The connective tissue that surrounds a nerve fascicle is called the _______

Answer 22

perineurium

Question 23

A ganglion is a ______

Answer 23

cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 24

Which of the following nerves originates in the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 24

sciatic

Question 25

The pineal gland is part of which larger region of the brain?

Answer 25

epithalamus

Question 26

Where are the hippocampus and amygdala found?

Answer 26

Limbic system

Question 27

Where is the third ventricle located?

Answer 27

Diencephalon

Question 28

Motor Cranial Nerves

Answer 28

III, IV, VI, XI, and XII

Question 29

Mixed Cranial Nerves

Answer 29

V, VII, IX, and X

Question 30

Sensory Cranial Nerves

Answer 30

I, II, VIII

Question 31

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?

Answer 31

Glucose and Oxygen

Question 32

Which lobe is deep to the lateral sulcus and can only be seen by removing some of the overlying cerebrum?

Answer 32

Insula

Question 33

What is the largest part of the hindbrain?

Answer 33

Cerebellum

Question 34

Where are the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers found?

Answer 34

Medulla Oblongata

Question 35

What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?

Answer 35

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

Question 36

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by ______

Answer 36

the longitudinal fissure

Question 37

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

Answer 37

Sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland

Question 38

The effect of autonomic fibers on target cells is _________. The effect of somatic fibers on target cells is _________.

Answer 38

excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory

Question 39

White rami carry _________ neurons, while gray rami carry _________ neurons.

Answer 39

myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic

Question 40

The enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine (NE) is called _________

Answer 40

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 41

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the enteric plexus?

Answer 41

Its reflex arcs are associated with the spinal cord.

Question 42

__________nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing.

Answer 42

Splanchnic

Question 43

A possible explanation for the effect of caffeine is that it blocks the receptor for a neuromodulator in the brain called _________, which inhibits ACh release by cholinergic neurons.

Answer 43

adenosine

Question 44

Preganglionic axons of the autonomic efferent pathway are _________ and secrete _________.

Answer 44

myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 45

Muscarinic receptors bind __________

Answer 45

acetylcholine

Question 46

If a cell has α1 adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to ________

Answer 46

norepinepherine (NE)

Question 47

Which of the following is not a reason that somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes?

Answer 47

The effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord.

Question 48

Sympathetic axons arise only from the _________ region(s) of the spinal cord.

Answer 48

thoracic and lumbar

Question 49

Sympathetic axon terminals do not release _________

Answer 49

nitric oxide (NO)

Question 50

Which cells form myelin sheaths in the spinal cord?

Answer 50

Oligodendrocytes

Question 51

A cholinergic synapse uses _________ as its neurotransmitter.

Answer 51

acetylcholine

Question 52

Which neurotransmitter excites skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle?

Answer 52

Acetylcholine

Question 53

What is(are) the fundamental physiological properties that enable nerve cells to communicate with other cells?

Answer 53

The ability to respond to environmental changes, the ability to produce electrical signals that are quickly conducted to other cells at distant locations, and the ability to secrete a chemical that will stimulate the next cell when an electrical signal reaches the end of an axon

Question 54

Many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in the ________

Answer 54

anterior horn

Question 55

Second-order neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the __________

Answer 55

thalamus

Question 56

The fibers that carry the action potentials that cause skeletal muscle to contract are

Answer 56

alpha motor neurons

Question 57

A reflex in which the sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord is called ____________

Answer 57

contralateral

Question 58

Nerve fibers are insulated from one another by

Answer 58

endoneurium

Question 59

The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are called _________ neurons

Answer 59

upper motor

Question 60

The reticular formation is a web of _________ scattered throughout the _________.

Answer 60

gray matter; brainstem

Question 61

The _________ function(s) in visual attention, such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly.

Answer 61

superior colliculi