Exam #1 Prep

Question 1

Of the 5 major components of air, which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and day to day?

Answer 1

water vapor

Question 2

What substance is not considered an air pollutant, N2, SO2, NO2, or O3?

Answer 2

N2

Question 3

The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an auto engine are…

Answer 3

water and carbon dioxide

Question 4

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 4

a molecule consisting of only two atoms (O2, N2, etc)

Question 5

Which pollutant is present in air as PM?

Answer 5

soot

Question 6

Which color, in the Air Quality Index, warns that a pollutant is hazardous at the most dangerous level?

Answer 6

maroon

Question 7

Which substance is an element, NO2, NaCl, N2, or CH4?

Answer 7

N2

Question 8

Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the _____, but is a valuable protective layer in the _______.

Answer 8

trophosphere, stratosphere

Question 9

A ______ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement

Answer 9

molecule

Question 10

What is the chemical symbol for silver?

Answer 10

Ag

Question 11

Except in the case of hydrocarbons, when naming virtually all compounds made up to two elements, the second element mentioned _______.

Answer 11

ends in -ide

Question 12

Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors?

Answer 12

Carbon Monoxide (CO)
-long atmospheric lifetime, moves in and out of buildings easily through doors, vents, and windows

Question 13

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of N2 and O2 to form NO?

Answer 13

N2 + O2 –> 2NO

Question 14

All of these pollutants can be detected by odors except….

CO, O3, SO2, NO2

Answer 14

CO

Question 15

Catalytic converters reduce the amount of _____ in car exhaust

Answer 15

CO - catalyze combustion of CO to CO2

Question 16

When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does NOT play a role in considering someone’s exposure to the pollutant? (person’s lung capacity, person’s breathing rate, toxicity of pollutant, or concentration in air of pollutant)

Answer 16

toxicity of pollutant

Question 17

Which is not a mixture? (jar filled with rocks and sand, sea water, glass of Kool-Aid, or Sodium Chloride)

Answer 17

Sodium Chloride

Question 18

What distinguishes the atoms of one element from another?

Answer 18

of protons

Question 19

Which region of the UV spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere?

Answer 19

UV-A

Question 20

Where is the “ozone layer” found?

Answer 20

in the stratosphere

Question 21

Light behaves like…

Answer 21

both a particle and a wave

Question 22

In the periodic table, which elements typically have similar properties?

Answer 22

those in the same columns

Question 23

13
C
6

Answer 23

6 protons
7 neutrons
6 electrons

Question 24

Isotopes have the same # of _______, but a different number of ________

Answer 24

protons, neutrons

Question 25

Free radicals are ________

Answer 25

highly reactive chemical species, species with unpaired electrons (ex. H. or .OH)

Question 26

WUKF FM transmits at 93.5 MHz. What is the wavelength?

Answer 26

.

Question 27

Results of the Montreal Protocol include...

Answer 27

greatly reduced production of CFCs, increased production of alternatives to CFCs, recycling of CFCs

Question 28

The Montreal Protocol is....

Answer 28

a treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the real world

Question 29

What is special about the South Pole vs. the North Pole that leads to ozone depletion only at the South Pole?

Answer 29

Polar stratospheric clouds from almost exclusively at the South Pole

Question 30

Stratospheric ozone is destroyed/formed at the same rate ______

Answer 30

above the equator and Antarctic in its early fall

Question 31

Why does oxygen break apart at lower wavelengths than the ozone molecule?

Answer 31

average bond in oxygen is shorter and stronger than ozone

Question 32

What are parts of the Chapman cycle in the stratosphere?

Answer 32

- ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation | - ozone reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules

Question 33

Which UV light is the most energetic?

Answer 33

UV-C

Question 34

Which product of the UV decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition?

Answer 34

chlorine atoms

Question 35

UV-B radiation has a frequency of approximately 10^17 Hz, what is the energy?

Answer 35

6.63 x 10^-17 J

Question 36

What is the relationship between stratospheric levels of atomic chlorine and ozone?

Answer 36

as chlorine increases, ozone decreases (inverse relationship)

Question 37

Which step in the Chapman Cycle produces oxygen atoms?

Answer 37

absorption of light (wavelength equal to or less than 242nm) by oxygen molecules

Question 38

Element sin the same column of the periodic table in the groups labeled A tend to have similar physical/chemical properties because they have the same # of ______

Answer 38

valence electrons

Question 39

Mass number of an isotope of an element is the sum of the _____ and _______.

Answer 39

protons, neutrons

Question 40

Chlorofluorocarbons rise in the stratosphere and ....

Answer 40

interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone

Question 41

Increasing wavelength of light goes in this order...

Answer 41

UV --> visible --> IR

Question 42

The atomic number is the ....

Answer 42

of protons in the nucleus

Question 43

In reference to waves, frequency is the ___________

Answer 43

of waves passing a fixe point in one second

Question 44

The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to....

Answer 44

- reduce the amount of new production of CFCs in developed countries - recycle existing CRCs rather than release them into the air - encourage research into substitutes for CFCs

Question 45

The speed of light in air....

Answer 45

is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light

Question 46

Decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations may lead to ....

Answer 46

- increased incidents of melanomas - harm to young marine life - increased occurrence of cataracts

Question 47

What is the role of Polar Stratospheric clouds on the destruction of ozone?

Answer 47

chemical reactions occur on the clouds that convert molecules that