Exam 1 Questions Flashcards
(38 cards)
Motor Performance
The observable attempt of an individual to
produce a voluntary action. This performance
is affected by many factors
(i.e., motivation,
arousal, fatigue, etc.), thereby resulting in
performance fluctuations that may be temporary
in nature
Motor Learning
Changes in internal processes that determine an
individual’s capability for producing a motor
task. These changes are classified as being of a
“relatively permanent” nature.
The following factors play a role in determining skill:
Skill = Speed x Accuracy x Form x Adaptability
Major Features of Skill
Some desired environmental goal is present.
•Being skilled implies meeting the desired
goal with maximum certainty.
•Minimization of the energy required for
performance.
•Achieve goal in minimum time.
Notable Individuals
Paul M. Fitts (1912-1965) •Franklin M. Henry (1904-1982) •Jack A. Adams (1922-2010) •Richard A. Schmidt (1941- 2015
Classification of Motor
Responses
Discrete, Continuous, and Serial
Discrete
Identifiable beginning and end (e.g., tennis serve).
Continuous
Unidentifiable beginning and
end (e.g., peddling a bicycle).
Serial
Made up of a series of discrete actions strung together in time to makesome “whole” task (e.g., pole vaulting in track and
field).
Open Skills
Environment is unpredictable (e.g.,
basketball).
Closed Skills
Environment is predictable (e.g., swimming).
What are the measurement fundamentals?
Objective, Reliable, and Valid
Objective
– Un-biased
–Based on readily available criteria
Reliable
–consistent and stable
–Test – Re-test
Valid
–Actually measures criteria of interest
–Related to dependent variable
Describing Movement Characteristics
Movement kinematics, Position or Location, Velocity, Acceleration, and EMG Recordings
Movement Kinematics
Describe movement of the limbs and/or the entire body (w/o regard for forces and
masses involved)
Position or Location
The location of the
limbs during a movement
Velocity
The rate of change in the limb position.
Acceleration
The rate of change in
velocity.
EMG Recordings
The involvement of a muscle in a movement by recording the electrical activity associated with its contraction
Error Measures
Constant Error (CE) Variable Error (VE) Absolute Error (AE) Absolute Constant Error (ACE)
Constant Error
Average Score or Arithmetic Mean
Variable Error
Consistency or Standard Deviation
