Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SPH-K 452 > Exam 2 Questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

KR increases the chance that the correct response will be repeated.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Negative transfer is when practice of the transfer task decreases performance of the target task relative to performance of the target task by a group that did not receive additional practice of the transfer task.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transfer depends on the similarity of the practiced tasks.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Guidance Hypothesis states that he use of frequent feedback increases the performer’s ability to judge the correctness of their performance.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The manual gear shift in driving a car is an example of a collection of action units

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Guidance refers to any technique whereby the learner is in some way (physically or verbally, e.g.) guided through the task that is to be learned.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Variability of practice studies show that practice of a number of different versions of tasks belonging to the same movement class (or governed by the same general motor program, GMP) will result in greater generalizability (or performance of new tasks of the same movement class) than the practice of one or some limited number of tasks belonging to the same movement class.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contextual interference refers to the situation in which interference or difficulty during the acquisition of some number of tasks leads to enhanced retention and/or transfe

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

We can study the process of “storing” or “encoding” information in memory.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Franklin Henry is the researcher who “debunked” the theory of General Motor Ability (GMA)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Performance curves always reflect the amount learned.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Subjective reinforcement refers to the development of an internal reference of correctness that allows the performer to judge the correctness of their own performance.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

KR has dependency producing properties.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Learning curves are usually negatively accelerated.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fleishman and Rich (1963) showed that some abilities that were important early in learning gain importance later in learning.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As speed increases, accuracy decreases

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

General learning has to do with the extent to which practice on one task contributes to the performance of other, related tasks.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For modeling to benefit learning the individual doing the demonstration must be highly skilled.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mental practice refers to the rehearsal of a motor skill in the absence of muscle contractions (i.e., “covert practice”)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In the Fitt’s Task, the subject moves back and forth between two targets as fast and accurately as possible

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In the following figure, which time interval is the KR-Delay interval?

A

A (between Trial 1 and KR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A small gain in performance for an expert may be equivalent to a larger gain for a novice performer.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The sensitivity of the measure used to study learning may influence experimental findings.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Absolute frequency is the total number of trials on which KR is given.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The differential approach puts emphasis on differences between people.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Relative frequency is the proportion of trials on which KR is given.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

With practice the rate of improvement changes toward zero.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Generalizability (or transfer) of learning has to do with the extent to which practice on one task contributes to the performance of other, related tasks.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The variability of a movement increases up to a certain point with the force (impulse) used to initiate it

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Squaring a correlation gives a measure of the usefulness the relationship of two tests is for predictive purposes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Henry’s Specificity Hypothesis holds that an “all-around” athlete is an individual who inherited “good” independent abilities

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The experimental approach puts emphasis on “laws” that apply to everyone.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Effective target width is the area of the target moved to by the performer

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The Adams-Reynolds Paradigm is an example of using transfer designs to remove the bias caused by temporary performance factors on learning measures.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Verbal instructions may be most useful during the early phase of learning.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Coaches should use prediction formulas to “cut” less talented young performers from development teams so more attention can be provided to more talented young performers.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Individual difference procedures are often used to identify talent for pilots, surgeons, and professional and Olympic sports.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A correlation can be positive or negative in direction.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The term “proactive” refers to the situation in which practice of one task “works ahead” in time to influence learning of a different task.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Moments have no meaning.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Learning is a dynamic process across the three stages of learning.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Massing of practice is a powerful learning variable and a relatively weak performance variable.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Ceiling and floor effects are examples of the finding that basketball is played better on courts with high ceilings and parquet floors.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

During the cognitive phase of learning the primary concern is understanding what is to be done.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Skills are modifiable by practice but abilities are not.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The second part of the movement is under close-loop contron

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The first part of the movement is under open-loop control

A

True

48
Q

Depth of processing occurs when an event or action is compared or contrasted with other similar events or actions.

A

False

49
Q

According to the Box Theory of memory, the amount of rehearsal an event or action receives will determine if it is passed-on to Long-Term Memory (LTM) where it is stored permanently.

A

True

50
Q

Instructors should not worry about lebng a number of trials intervene between a practice trial and its KR.

A

False

51
Q

Every task requires speed, accuracy, or a combination of these

A

True

52
Q

Shooting a ball at the basket in basketball is an example of task governed by Fitt’s Law

A

True

53
Q

The “Box Theory” of memory states that there are 5 separate storage components.

A

False

54
Q

A collection of paired movements described for picking up an object in class were:

  • Program for eye movement
  • Program for head movement
  • Program for hand/arm movement
A

True

55
Q

Which is not a theoretical explanation for contextual interference?

A

Psychoneuromuscular explanation

56
Q

As accuracy increases, speed decreases

A

True

57
Q

Shea and Titzer (1993) performed a study that provided strong support for proactive interference as the reason for the contextual interference effect.

A

False

58
Q

Schema theory holds that after a movement 4 things are briefly stored: 1.) initial conditions; 2.) parameters; 3.) movement outcome; 4.) sensory consequences

A

True

59
Q

We should recognize that a single, optimal distribution of practice and rest periods does not exist, and that this choice will depend on the task to be learned.

A

True

60
Q

Knowledge of Performance (KP) informs the performer about their success with respect to the movement pattern used.

A

True

61
Q

The best measure of retention is the relative retention measure.

A

False

62
Q

During the associative phase of learning the primary concern is understanding how to improve task performance.

A

True

63
Q

A criterion variable is the score that you are trying to predict

A

True

64
Q

One reason for not remembering (or forgetting) is that the information is no longer present in memory and this is referred to as being no longer “available.”

A

True

65
Q

Positive transfer is when practice of the transfer task facilitates performance of the target task relative to performance of the target task by a group that did not receive additional practice of the transfer task.

A

True

66
Q

Massed practice refers to those practice sessions in which the amount of practice time in a trial is greater than the amount of rest between trials.

A

True

67
Q

The rate of improvement increases with practice.

A

False

68
Q

“Information overload” refers to the case where too much feedback/instructions is given without consideration of the memory and processing capacity of the learner.

A

True

69
Q

A face valid task (test) is one that closely resembles the task being predicted.

A

True

70
Q

The goal of the experimental approach is to predict an individual’s performance on one task from knowledge of their performance on a different task.

A

False

71
Q

The ultimate test of whether or not part-whole practice methods are effective depends on the amount of transfer that can be shown from the practice of the part to the performance of the whole task

A

True

72
Q

Transfer-appropriate processing holds that it is the similarity of the underlying processes (not simply the conditions) between acquisition and criterion transfer performance that will be the critical determinant of the “goodness’ of practice.

A

True

73
Q

Extrinsic feedback is information that is not available to the teacher or coach and is available to the performer through their own sense organs.

A

False

74
Q

“Indirect” retrieval is characterized by the use of other associated information or cues to search memory for the desired information.

A

True

75
Q

Learning and physical fitness are examples of hypothetical constructs.

A

True

76
Q

Fitt’s Law states that vision is not important for control of movements

A

False

77
Q

Coordination consists of multiple program components creating a single, coordinated group of movements

A

True

78
Q

As the size (strength) of the correlation increases (positive or negative), predictability increases.

A

True

79
Q

One way to measure motor learning is to investigate performance curves

A

True

80
Q

Fitt’s equation means that the time to perform a task is determined by the amplitude of the movement and the width of the target being moved to

A

True

81
Q

We can also study “remembering” which is the process of “retrieving” information from memory.

A

True

82
Q

In the following figure, which time interval is the Inter-Trial interval?

A

C (In the middle)

83
Q

Which is not a theoretical explanation for mental practice?

A

forgetting explanation

84
Q

Forgetting can occur because information may be currently present in memory (“available”), but the act of retrieval is not sufficient to access it. In this case we say the information was not “accessible.”

A

True

85
Q

Intratask transfer refers to the effect of practicing one variation of a task on performance of a similar variation of the task, e.g., driving one car to another; clay court to hard surface tennis.

A

True

86
Q

The recognition schema is concerned with response evaluation, and is comprised of the relationship between the initial conditions, the environmental outcomes, and the sensory consequences.

A

True

87
Q

In the following figure, which time interval is the Post-KR interval?

A

B (between KR and Trial)

88
Q

Relative retention is the level of performance on the initial trial(s) of the retention test.

A

False

89
Q

The recall schema is concerned with movement production, and is defined by the relationship between the desired outcome and the parameters (along with the initial conditions).

A

True

90
Q

Errorless practice has been found to be beneficial for learning.

A

False

91
Q

Prediction of later performance from early performance may be a very useful tool for development of elite athletes.

A

False

92
Q

Proactive transfer concerns the extent to which practice of earlier tasks influences the learning of new tasks.

A

True

93
Q

Levels of processing theorists argue that retention is a reflection of the extent or level of meaningful processing performed on an event or action.

A

True

94
Q

Memory must not be conceptualized as a “place” where information is stored for later use.

A

False

95
Q

The performance of a secondary task allows the learner to perform the primary task better during practice, especially in sports with low ceilings.

A

False

96
Q

“Direct” retrieval is when the information is directly accessible. This is typical of highly practiced skills in which performance is automatic.

A

True

97
Q

Fitt’s Equation is: movement time = a + b (Log2 (2A/W)

A

True

98
Q

Intertask transfer refers to the effect of prac6cing one task on performance of a different task, e.g., handball to paddleball.

A

True

99
Q

In a blocked practice order all trials on one task are completed before the first trial on the next task is introduced (e.g., Tasks A, B, & C = AAAA, BBBB, CCCC).

A

True

100
Q

An action unit is a “piece” of total motor behavior

A

True

101
Q

Coordination is the creation of a set of action units

A

True

102
Q

Knowledge of Results (KR) tells the learner their success relative to the goal.

A

True

103
Q

The differential method studies relationships between or among variables using correlational techniques.

A

True

104
Q

During the automatic phase of learning performance is highly susceptible to interference.

A

False

105
Q

Retrieval may be “reconstructive.” In this case, the skill performer may retrieve an incomplete or partial action plan and they fill-in the missing units.

A

True

106
Q

Relative retention measures express the absolute-retention score relative to scores obtained during practice.

A

True

107
Q

The monotonic benefits assumption holds that there is a proportional gain in skill throughout practice.

A

True

108
Q

A savings score has to do with the amount of time saved in learning one task as a result of having first practiced a different task.

A

True

109
Q

The typical finding in a contextual interference experiment is the blocked condition performs beker during practice than the random condition, but later performance during a retention test is beker for the random condition than for the blocked condition.

A

True

110
Q

Distributed practice refers to those practice sessions in which the amount of rest between trials equals or exceeds the amount of time in a trial, leading to a somewhat more “restful” practice sequence.

A

True

111
Q

The ques;on of “performance curves” actually showing learning is related to the objectivism-subjectivism dilemma

A

True

112
Q

In a random practice order trials on multiple tasks are practiced in an unsystematic order (e.g., Tasks A, B, & C = A, B, C, A, C, B, A, C, B).

A

True

113
Q

KR has few motivational benefits.

A

False

114
Q

Warm-up decrement has to do with adjustments (postural and arousal) necessary to perform the task. WUD is considered a learning variable.

A

False

115
Q

Transfer depends on the number of “identical elements” that exist in common between two tasks.

A

True

SPH-K 452 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions