EXAM 1 QUIZ ? Flashcards
1
Q
A hypothesis is scientific if it ________.
A
Can be tested
2
Q
For a theory to be scientific and accepted, it must be based on ________.
A
reproducible data
3
Q
In a feedback loop, the integrating center sends information to the ________.
A
Effector
4
Q
The normal range of arterial blood pH is ________.
A
7.35-7.45
5
Q
The normal range of blood glucose concentration after fasting is approximately ________.
A
70 to 99 mg/100 ml
6
Q
A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by ________.
A
A sensor
7
Q
The endocrine and nervous systems are considered ________ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms.
A
extrinsic
8
Q
Tendons are composed of ________
A
dense regular fibrous connective tissue
9
Q
What protein is present in large amounts in connective tissue proper?
A
Collagen
10
Q
Intercalated discs couple ________ cells both mechanically and electrically
A
myocardial
11
Q
Which of the following is a function of simple squamous epithelium?
A
Diffusion
12
Q
Contraction of ________ muscle can be consciously controlled.
A
Skeletal
13
Q
Histological examination of a tissue shows several layers of keratinized flattened cells. This sample most likely came from ________.
A
the epidermis of the skin
14
Q
The ________ is a protein and polysaccharide layer that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.
A
basement membrane
15
Q
The epithelial tissue that lines the urinary bladder and allows distention is called ________.
A
transitional epithelium
16
Q
How does the skin protect a person from the ultraviolet rays of the sun?
A
Produces melanin
17
Q
Which of the following is NOT a function of the epidermis?
-Prevents water loss
- Acts as barrier against microorganisms
- Protects against abrasion
- Provides strength and elasticity
A
Provides strength and elasticity
18
Q
The ________ layer of the skin contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands.
A
dermal
19
Q
The zygote (fertilized egg) has the ability to produce all the various types of cells found in the body. Therefore, it is a(n) ________ cell.
A
totipotent
20
Q
)Which of the following is FALSE regarding the extracellular fluid compartment?
-It is made up of blood plasma and interstitial fluid,
- Its volume is regulated by the kidneys,
- It makes up 65% of the total body water,
- It communicates with the intracellular fluid compartment.
A
It makes up 65% of the total body water,
21
Q
Phase I clinical trials do NOT involve ________.
A
testing on the target human population
22
Q
The first step in the scientific method involves the formation of a(n)
________.
A
hypothesis
23
Q
If blood glucose levels decrease from normal, which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal?
A
Decrease in insulin; increase in glucagon
24
Q
When a vessel is damaged, chemicals are released from the vessel walls that attract platelets to the site of the damage. As they accumulate, more chemicals that attract more platelets to the area until the bleeding stops. This represents ________ feedback, with the platelets acting as the ________.
A
positive; integrating center
25
When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic islets are stimulated to release insulin, which acts on target cells to uptake glucose from the blood. Thus, the islets serve as the ________ in the feedback loop.
-Effectors,
- sensors,
- integrating center
ALL OF THE ABOVE
26
Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a liquid extracellular matrix?
Blood
27
Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?
Found in the walls of the digestive tract
28
Damage to the ________ of a neuron would interfere with its ability to receive sensory input from its surrounding environment.
dendrites
29
You examine a sample of muscle tissue under the microscope, and it has a striped, or striated appearance. This sample could not have been taken from the ________.
wall of digestive tract
30
Cartilage cells are known as ________.
chondrocytes
31
Which type of epithelial tissue would be found lining the uterine tubes?
Simple ciliated columnar epithelium
32
Adult stem cells may be found in ________.
-Hair follicles
- the brain,
- red bone marrow,
- skeletal muscle
ALL OF THE ABOVE
33
The study of how disease or injury alters physiological processes is termed ________.
pathophysiology
34
Phase ________ clinical trials maximize the number of test participants and include human participants of both sexes, different ethnic groups, and those who have health problems besides the one that the drug is designed to treat.
III
35
Dynamic constancy is a term used to describe homeostasis. Which of the following is NOT an example of dynamic constancy?
Administering IV fluids to a person who presents to the emergency room with dehydration
36
The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called ________
-negative feedback inhibition
37
Both ________ and ________ are the regulators of effectors in most feedback loops.
hormones and nerve impulses
38
Homeostatic regulatory mechanisms known as ________ are "built-in" to the organs being regulated.
intrinsic
39
The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is ________.
increased blood glucose concentrations
40
Units of bone composed of concentric rings of lamellae with trapped osteocytes are called ________.
Both osteons and haversian systems are correct.
41
Neuroglia are supporting cells present in the ________.
Both brain and spinal cord are correct.
42
The ________ is a protein and polysaccharide layer that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.
basement membrane
43
The peritoneal membrane of the abdominal cavity secretes fluid to reduce friction between adjacent organs in the body. The tissue best suited to this description and function is ________.
simple squamous
44
The hypodermis is primarily composed of ________
adipose tissue
45
What produces "goose bumps"?
Contraction of the arrector pili muscle
46
When a scientist performs measurements in an experiment and does not know if the subject is part of the experimental or the control group, it is known as a ________ measurement
blind
47
Estrogen levels cause both increased and decreased hormone secretions from the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus at various points in the menstrual cycle. This indicates that ________.
estrogen is involved in both positive and negative feedback with the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
48
Which types of connections allow epithelial cells to form strong membranes?.
Junctional complexes
49
Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue of the body?
- Epithelial,
- muscular,
- Nervous,
- Osseous
Osseous
50
The entire epidermis is replaced every ________.
2 weeks
51
Specialized unicellular glands found in columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium that secrete mucus are called _______.
goblet cells
52
Epithelial tissues that are more than one layer thick are called _____.
Stratified
53
Physiology________.
Emphasizes cause-and-effect mechanisms
54
Contraction of _____ muscle can be consciously controlled
Skeletal
55
Which of the following is the main characteristic of connective tissue?
Large amount of extracellular material
56
Which glands are primarily responsible for thermoregulation?
Eccrine sweat glands
57
The cells that secrete fibers and matrix that create bone tissue are known as
osteoblasts
58
Keratinized epithelium ________.
Is a dry, mostly dead membrane
59
Cells that are as wide as they are tall have a ________ shape.
cuboidal
60
What type of bond is formed between potassium and iodine?
Ionic bond
61
Water molecules form ________ ions when they associate with a hydrogen ion.
hydronium
62
Which of the following would be most easily broken?
A hydrogen bond
63
Molecules with the same ratio of atoms, but different arrangements of atoms, are known as ________.
structural isomers
64
Which of the following is false regarding steroids?
A) They differ in the position of the double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in the rings.
B) They are derived from palmitate.
C) They contain a variety of functional groups.
D) They have three 6-carbon rings joined to one 5-carbon ring.
They are derived from palmitate.
65
Phospholipid molecules will form aggregates called ________ when placed in water.
Micelles
66
Which of the following is FALSE regarding unsaturated fatty acids?
A) They contain one or more double bonds.
B) All of their hydrogen ions are occupied in double bonds.
C)They are found in cooking oil rather than a stick of butter.
D)They can be formed from nuts and other plants.
All of their hydrogen ions are occupied in double bonds.
67
The subunit of protein is the ________.
amino acid
68
Peptide bonds are formed by the process of ________.
dehydration synthesis
69
How many amino acids are present for a polypeptide chain to be called a protein?
100
70
Keratin and collagen are considered ________ proteins.
Structural and fibrous
71
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
A) Enzymes
B) Carriers for membrane transport
C) Receptors for regulator molecules
D) Compose genes
Compose genes
72
The backbone of a DNA molecule is a chain of ________.
alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
73
Which of the following is NOT a function of a purine-containing nucleotide?
A) Energy carrier
B) Hormone
C) Coenzymes
D) Neurotransmitter
Hormone
74
Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?
A) They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions.
B) DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil.
C) They have different sugars.
D) RNA is a single strand, while DNA is a double strand.
They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions.
75
The nitrogenous base adenine is a ________.
purine
76
In an acidic solution, _______
the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration
77
Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called ______
polar covalent
78
The primary buffer in the blood is the _______ buffer.
Bicarbonate
79
Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass?
Electrons
80
How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom?
2
81
Which of the following molecules cannot be used as a source of energy for humans?
Cellulose
82
Lipids containing glycerol would include _____ and ______.
Triglycerides and phospholipids
83
A protein that is combined with another type of molecule , such as a carbohydrate, becomes ________.
Conjugated
84
_______ is a structural protein found in bones and ligaments
collagen
85
Bases will ________ protons in a solution.
accept
86
A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n) ________.
aromatic compound
87
Isotopes have the same ________ number, but a different ________
same atomic # but diff mass
88
Ketosis ________.
occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body
89
The primary structure of proteins is ________.
the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule
90
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA?
dRNA
91
Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?
Uracil
92
Which of the following is NOT a derivative of cholesterol?
Insulin
93
Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction?
glucose + glucose <-> maltose + water
Reaction A (glucose <-> maltose)
94
the addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called ________.
hydrolysis
95
The secondary structure of proteins is ________.
alpha helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand
96
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a catalyst?
It can change the final result of the reaction.
97
Enzymes which remove hydrogen atoms from their substrates are referred to as ________.
Dehydrogenases
98
A reaction which uses water to break bonds between molecules would be catalyzed by a ________ enzyme.
hydrolase
99
Reactant molecules of enzyme action are called ________.
substrates
100
A reaction which creates larger molecules from substrates and results in water as a byproduct would be catalyzed by a ________ enzyme.
synthase
101
Elevated plasma aldolase could be indicative of muscular dystrophy. What could explain this finding?
When muscle tissue is destroyed, it releases the enzymes present in the muscle cells into the blood.
102
When an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, ________.
amino acids in the enzyme's active site interact with substrate molecules to create a product
103
In the reaction (H2O + CO2 ↔ H2CO3), increasing the concentration of H2O would ________.
increase the concentration of H2CO3
104
Addition of substrate to an already saturated enzyme results in ________ in the rate of the reaction.
no change
105
An inborn error in lipid metabolism may cause all of the following symptoms EXCEPT ________.
Increased resilience on free fatty acids for energy production
106
Which of the following does NOT affect the activity of an enzyme?
the organ the enzyme is in
107
Which of the following is FALSE regarding enzymes?
A) As the temperature increases from 25°C to 37°C, enzyme activity decreases
B) Very few enzymes require cofactors for activation
C) Most enzymes are not sensitive to changes in pH
D) All of the above
All of the above
108
The enzyme with the lowest pH optimum is ________.
pepsin
109
A common oxidizing agent used to couple chemical reactions in cells is
FAD
110
The greatest increase in entropy occurs ________.
When starch is degraded to glucose
111
During reduction, a molecule or atom ________.
Gains protons or gains electrons
112
Cellular respiration results in ________ in entropy as glucose is broken down to form carbon dioxide.
An increase
113
Energy can change forms, but cannot be created or destroyed is a statement of the ________
First law thermodynamics
114
A common reducing agent used to couple chemical reactions in cells is ________.
NADH
115
Chemically reduced FAD has ________ extra hydrogen atom(s) bound to it.
2
116
Elevated plasma amylase could indicate ________.
pancreatitis
117
Biological catalysts ________.
remain unchanged at the end of the reaction
118
Pancreatic amylase catalyzes the breakdown of oligosaccharides to disaccharides with the addition of water. What classification of enzymes would amylase be in?
hydrolase
119
The model that explains how an enzyme and substrate fit together is called the ________.
Lock-and-key model
120
The substrate binds to the ________ of the enzyme
active site
121
Metal ions such as magnesium or calcium can serve as enzyme ______
cofactors
122
Inactive forms of digestive enzymes are called ________.
zymogens
123
A defect in the enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine is characteristic of the disease ________.
phenylketonuria
124
In response to increased concentration of the final product of a metabolic pathway, ________.
the final product acts as an allosteric regulator of one enzyme in the pathway
125
Regulation of a metabolic pathway by the final product of the pathway is termed ________
Both end-product inhibition and negative feedback
126
The universal energy carrier is ________
ATP
127
A molecule that has just donated electrons ________.
acted as a reducing agent
128
Which of the following is NOT true of catalysts?
A) They are unchanged by the reaction catalyzed.
B) They allow endergonic reactions to become exergonic reactions.
C) They increase the amount of energy released by a chemical reaction.
D) They lower the activation energy of the reaction.
They allow endergonic reactions to become exergonic reactions.
129
FAD and NAD are coenzymes that act as ________ in biochemical reactions.
hydrogen carriers
130
A reducing agent ________.
Both donates electrons and donates protons
131
Addition of phosphate groups to a particular molecule is catalyzed by ________.
kinases
132
A chemical reaction rate can be increased by either ________ the temperature or ________ the activation energy.
increasing; decreasing
133
The law of mass action states that ________.
reversible reactions will be driven from the side of higher to lower concentration
134
The phosphatase found in bone would have a pH optimum that is ________ than the pH optimum of the phosphatase found in the prostate gland.
higher
135
During oxidation, a molecule or atom ________.
loses electrons
136
If NAD becomes reduced it is a(n) ________.
oxidizing agent
137
Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has ________ two hydrogens.
lost
138
In bioenergetic pathways, as intermediates are acted upon by enzymes, the ultimate result is the release of ________.
free energy
139
Regulating acids and bases, ________.
Bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.
140
Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are __.
Organic
141
Ketones contain a(n) ______ group within the carbon chain
Carbonyl
142
Hydration spheres can be formed by compounds which contain _____ bonds.
Both polar covalent and ionic are correct.
143
A molecule that is part polar and part nonpolar is called ____.
Amphipathic
144
Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipids?
They are glycolipids originally isolated from the prostate gland.
145
Which of the following is true of phospholipids
A) They have a polar head and a nonpolar tail
B) they are amphipathic molecules
C) they are major components of the cell membrane,
D) ALL CHOICES
All choices
146
In the formation of triglycerides, ______.
Carboxyl and hydroxyl groups interact.
147
Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?
A) Sucrose,
B) Lactose,
C) Maltose,
D) Fructose
Fructose
148
Which of the following is a function of a purine-containing nucleotide?
A) Neurotransmitter,
B) Energy carrier,
C) Coenzymes,
D) ALL CHOICES
All choices
149
Choose the statement that accurately describes why catalysts are biologically necessary.
Catalysts make reactions go faster without cellular damage that would occur from heat
150
Energy transformations increase the entropy of a system is a statement of the ____.
Second law of thermodynamics
151
The ______ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one cubic centimeter of water one degree on the Celsius scale.
Calorie
152
Energy transformations result in ____ in entropy.
an increase
153
the atomic nucleus does NOT contain _____, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.
electrons
154
The type of bond formed when atoms share electrons unequally is termed ____?
Polar covalent
155
Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of ___ and _____.
Glucose and fructose
156
An example of a monosaccharide is _____?
Glucose
157
The base that is NOT found in RNA is ____?
Thymine
158
The model that describes how an enzyme can adjust its shape to fit the shape of the substrate is the ________ model.
Induced fit
159
The level of protein structure primarily involved in determining enzyme activity is the ________ enzyme.
tertiary
160
In an enzymatic reaction, when temperature is increased past the point of "optimal temperature," the enzyme starts to ________.
Reduce its catalytic activity
161
A defect in the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of melanin from DOPA results in ________.
Albinism
162
FAD is derived from vitamin ________
B-2, riboflavin
163
The ________ is the physical space that an electron occupies in an atom.
Both orbital and energy level are correct.
164
An element with 11 neutrons, 10 protons, and 11 electrons would have a mass number of ________.
21
165
What characteristic of phospholipids allows them to form the double layer seen in cell membranes?
They are amphipathic.
166
Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
Enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.
167
The pH optimum is an important factor in digestive enzyme activity because _______
differences in pH in the digestive tract reflect which substrates are broken down at each location
168
NAD is derived from the vitamin ______
B-3, niacin
169
Which tissue attaches skeletal muscles to bones?
tendons
170
Ammonia usually ________.
Acts as a base
171
Molecules that are mirror images of each other are ________.
Enantiomers
172
The type of bond found in sodium chloride is ________.
An ionic bond
173
Which statement regarding glycogen is correct?
Glycogen contains more potential energy for humans than the carbohydrates found in starch
174
This group of organic compounds acts as surfactants.
Phospholipids
175
What holds a protein in its tertiary structure?
Both weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids and disulfide bonds between sulfur groups on cysteines are correct.
176
Which of the following occurs when the product of a metabolic pathway binds to an enzyme and decreases enzymatic activity?
Allosteric inhibition
177
Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form ________ bonds with each other.
hydrogen
178
A solution of a pH above 7 is called ________.
basic
179
When an atom gains one or more electrons, it ________.
It is called an anion
180
Free energy is ________ when exergonic reactions proceed.
decreased
181
The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called ________.
negative feedback
182
Which of the following is NOT an example of an exocrine gland?
Testes cells that secrete testosterone into the blood
183
What characteristic of phospholipids allows them to form the double layer seen in cell membranes?
they are amphipathic
184
Water makes up ________ of the total body weight of an average adult.
60-70%
185
Prostaglandins are a class of ________ that are involved in ________.
fatty acids; blood clotting
186
An example of an aromatic substance is________.
benzene
187
Molecules with the same atoms, in the same sequence, but arranged differently in space are called________.
stereoisomers
188
An atom with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons would have a net charge of ________.
1
189
Which of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom?
they have the same number of neutrons
190
Which of the following describes a trans-fat?
Has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds
191
Endergonic reactions cause the amount of entropy in the products to be ________.
decreased
192
Glycolysis results in a net gain of two ATP formed by direct ________ of ADP molecules using phosphates taken from glycolytic intermediates.
phosphorylation
193
Under normal conditions, ATP can only be produced through aerobic respiration by ________.
Cardiac muscle fibers
194
Glycolysis converts glucose into two ________ molecules.
pyruvate
195
Anaerobic metabolism is the primary source of ATP production in ________.
Red blood cells
196
Anaerobic respiration metabolism is triggered when the ratio of ________ falls below a critical level.
Oxygen supply to oxygen need
197
To go through glycolysis, ________ ATP per glucose molecule must be "invested" in order to activate the glucose molecule.
2
198
ATP formation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is called ________.
Both substrate level phosphorylation and direct phosphorylation
199
The ATP generated in the citric acid cycle ________.
Comes from GTP
200
The electron transport system is a series of ________ reactions.
oxidation -reduction reactions
201
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain system is ________.
oxygen
202
Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces ________.
1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH
203
During the conversion of one pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, ________ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide is/are produced.
1
204
Blood glucose concentrations can be maintained by hydrolysis of glycogen in the ________.
liver
205
The opposite process of glycogenesis is ________.
Glycogenolysis
206
Beta-oxidation of an 16-carbon fatty acid will yield ________ acetyl CoA molecules
8
207
A person fasting for several days would meet the majority of their blood glucose needs through ________.
gluconeogenesis
208
In newborns, ________ occurs in brown fat
thermogenesis
209
The process in which an amine group is transferred from one amino acid to another is called ________.
transamination
210
Fatty acids are NOT an important energy source for ________.
The brain
211
Keto-acids are produced from amino acids through ________.
Oxidative deamination
212
In the breakdown of a molecule of glucose in the cytoplasm, ________ molecules of ATP are produced.
2
213
Which of the following is NOT a primary catabolic source of energy to produce ATP?
cholesterol
214
Anaerobic metabolism regenerates the ________ required for glycolysis.
NAD
215
To form lactate from pyruvate it is necessary to have ________ present.
NADH
216
Anabolic reactions do not ________.
RELEASE ENERGY
217
An absence of ________ would have no impact on the electron transport system.
coenzyme A
218
Each turn of the citric acid cycle directly produces ________ molecule(s) of ATP
1
219
What percentage of energy released by aerobic respiration of glucose is captured by ATP?
38-40%
220
Ammonia is produced through the process of ________
oxidative deamination
221
How many amino acids are essential for an adult?
8
222
During times of inadequate energy intake, or in cases of a high protein diet, amino acids may enter the aerobic respiration metabolic pathway at the same level as ________.
A) Pyruvate,
B) acetyl CoA
C) citric acid
D) all of the above
all of the above
223
How many ATP would be formed from an 18-carbon fatty acid?
122
224
A dietary deficiency of ________ would not cause any disruptions in homeostasis.
arginine
225
Beta-oxidation of an 16-carbon fatty acid will yield ________ acetyl CoA molecules
8
226
An increase in stored triglyceride molecules ________, and would be considered a/an ________ reaction.
utilizes ATP; anabolic
227
Skeletal muscle would have a much greater capability to utilize ________ and ________ than cardiac muscle to produce ATP.
glucose; lactate
228
Aerobic cellular respiration ________.
Both 'uses glucose' and 'generates water' are correct.
229
The electron transport chain functions to ________.
reduce oxygen molecules in order to create the energy to bind phosphate molecules together
230
One glucose would generate ________ NADH molecules via the citric acid cycle.
6
231
How many H+ do the first two proton pumps of the electron transport system transport?
four each
232
The Cori cycle converts ________ to pyruvate.
lactate
233
he presence of elevated ATP in the cell stimulates synthesis of ________.
triglycerides and glycogen
234
The primary site of ketone body synthesis is ________.
The liver
235
he process of fat formation from acetyl CoA is called ________.
lipogenesis
236
What type of tissue is especially dependent on adequate plasma glucose levels?
nervous
237
Acetyl CoA is generated from ________.
pyruvate
238
The hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol is called ________.
lypolysis
239
Which of the following is NOT a main substrate for gluconeogenesis?
pyruvate
240
What is the purpose of white adipose tissue?
To provide a major source of energy for resting skeletal muscle and many other body tissues.
241
The importance of the citric acid cycle in energy production is the formation of significant amounts of ________.
NADH
242
A deficiency of ________ would limit production of coenzyme A.
Pantothenic acid
243
Fatty acid metabolism ________.
occurs via beta oxidation
244
Glycolysis results in a net gain of two ATP formed by direct ________ of ADP molecules using phosphates taken from glycolytic intermediates.
phosphorylation
245
What theory explains the ability of the electron transport system to pump protons between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes?
Chemiosmotic theory
246
Choose the statement that does NOT characterize the citric acid cycle.
Amino acids can bypass the citric acid cycle when being used to produce ATP.
247
Formation of the maximum number of acetyl CoA molecules from one glucose, produces ________ molecules of carbon dioxide.
2
248
The process in which an amine group is transferred from one amino acid to another is called ________.
Transamination
249
Oxidative deamination is required for ________ to occur
protein breakdown
250
Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and enter the citric acid cycle?
A) glucose
B) fatty acids
C) protein
D) all of the above
all of the above
251
Each pair of hydrogens generated in glycolysis are used to ________.
reduce 2 molecules of NAD
252
The transport of protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix occurs via ________.
ATP synthase
253
The total amount of FADH2 produced by one turn of the citric acid cycle is ________.
1
254
ATP formation in the electron transport system is called ________.
Oxidative phosphorylation
255
Acetyl CoA has the ability to ________
Directly enter the citric acid cycle
