Exam 1: Respiratory Toxins Flashcards
Source: Ammonia
Animal facilities, especially common where excrement can decompose on a solid floor
Source: Carbon Dioxide
End product of metabolism
Fuel burning heaters
Decomposing manure
Source: Carbon Monoxide
Car exhaust
Fires
Source: Methane
Microbial degradation formed by rumen microflora of ruminants
Source: Hydrogen Sulfide
Formed by anaerobic bacterial decomposition of protein and other sulfur containing organic matter
Accumulates in manure pits, holding tanks, rapidly released when waste slurry is agitated
Source: Nitrogen Dioxide
Fermentation of ensiled forages
Accumulates at bottom of shoot and can flow into adjoining building and potentially expose animals in a feeding area
Source: PTFE Pyrolysis
PTFE coated frying pans
What are 3 factors that can influence respiratory toxicosis across species?
Variability in metabolizing enzymes
Regional variation in cell populations
Anatomic configuration
What factors are associated with Hydrogen Sulfide production and release that make it potentially dangerous?
AT concentrations above 200ppm = paralyzes olfaction = blocks detection of warning odor
Mechanism of Action: Carbon Monoxide
Rapidly absorbed in the lungs, competes with oxygen
Binds to hemoglobin to form carboxy-hemoglobin that has a severely reduced ability to carry oxygen
Clinical Signs: Carbon Monoxide
Hypoxia
High [carboxyhemoglobin] become bright cherry-red in color
Treatment: Carbon Monoxide
Restore oxygen to heart and brain
Move to fresh air, provide artificial respiration
Improvement should be noted within 1-4 hours
Why does Nitrogen Dioxide cause considerable damage to the lungs but may not cause as much damage in the upper respiratory tract?
NO 2 is relatively insoluble in water and thus may pass through the upper respiratory tract with little effect BUT produce considerable damage to the lungs where the duration of contact is longer and the moisture content is greater
Toxicity is a function of both concentration and length of exposure
What kind of animal is susceptible to toxicosis caused by overheating of cookware?
Birbs
How can cows eating forage high in tryptophan possibly lead to lung damage?
Cattle consume tryptophan in lush green forages –> cytochrome P450s conver 3-methylindole to reactive intermediates that cause lung damage including pulmonary edema, emphysema, and potentially death
