Exam 1 Review Flashcards by Grace Mccoy

Father of Ethnobotany. Best Known for entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants.

Richard Schultes

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First known opium adict

Roman King Marcus

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saint anthony’s fire

severe shrinking of blood vessels in body due to plants.

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Did ethnobotany originate with Harshberger in 1896?

NO hunter and gather societies

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Carl Linnaeus

catalogued a lot of plants, first described cannabis sativa

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Cannabis Stems

Good for construction, not susceptible to termites

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Hemp

Cannabis L

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Hop

Humulus L (HOPS female flowers)

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3 species of cannabis are different by

growth habits, seed character and wood structure

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3 species of cannabis and which one is illegal?

Sativa, Indica (ILLEGAL), ruderalis

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Jean Babtiste Lamarack

first described canabis indica

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dioecious

male and female flowers on sep. plants, variation in offspring

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cannabis hempen fibers uses

cloth, paper, rope

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cannabis vegetal oil uses

lighting and soap (now used for paints) IN SEEDS

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cannabis seeds uses

food source

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other cannabis uses

medicinal and spirtual/mind altering

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cannabis uses

livestock feed and bedding, essential oils, nutritional supplements, construction, body care products, molded plastic, tectiles, paper products, food, medicines

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Shen Nung

chinese emperor who investigated a lot of herbs and their medicinal uses

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Liana

wood vines

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perennial life cycle

survive for a long time (redwood/climax community)

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why do plants modify?

limited resources

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pollination happens in?

ovary of plant

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seed dispersal

wind water animals human and bursting

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coconut h2o can

save from drought

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human origin

africa

why humans have more dominance than dolphins

accumulated knowledge

did coconuts grow in hawaii pre colonization

no dna proves

coconut roots

shallow

coconut tree

NOT made of bark, allows it to sway back and forth and not fall over

exocarp

other green or yellow part of the coconut

mesocarp

inside fibers of coconut

endocarp

shell of coconut

endosperm

juice in center of coconut (YOUNG HAVE MORE)

when was hawaii migrated

1000 years ago

Papa new guinea

where most crops and animals were domesticated from.

what did domestication require?

herbivory, fast growth rate, ability to breed, nonagressive or easily spooked, social structure (INSTICT TO OBEY ANIMALS WITH MORE POWER)

origin of the earth theories (3)

1) meteorite brings living organisms to earth 2)god 3) chemical evolution (microscopic organism on bottom of ocean)

How old is the earth

4.6 billion years old

rise of agriculture

10,000 years ago

r selected

few survive, many offspring

k selected

many survive, few offspring, increased parental care

Important to darwin

can't just survive must reproduce

Cambrian explosion

650 mil years ago

coco palm uses

shelter, food, medicine, materials, daily use, rope, skirts, arrows, baskets, hats, roofs, thatch, fishing net, coconut oil, soap, bowl, utensil, charcoal

steven jay gould

evolution occured in rapid spurts

Spread of humans

arrived in australia 15k years before europe, SA most recent at 10k years ago

how did humans get to NA

through sibera to alaska then downward

megafauna extinction

proof of human life (everywhere except africa)

what age were humans around the longest?

old stone age/ paleolithic (50k BP -> 10k BP)

stone ages in order

paleolithic -> mesolithic -> neolithic

iron age did what

IRON PLOWS increased agricultures efficiency because it could cut through hard clay soils

human impact in ancient times before agriculture

1) direction predation of large animals 2) habitat alteration 3) dispersal of organisms 4) cutting/burning forest to cultivate crops 5) artifical selection of plants and animals.

bronze

copper + arsenic

"true" bronze

tin + copper (INCREASED TRADE)

cultural vegetation

fully cultivated previous dominated species has been replaced by others by man ex) planted forest

natural vegetation

fully natural NOT influenced by humans in any way Hard to find because of CO2 emissions today/global warming

sub-natural vegetation

ACCIEDENTAL human interference influenced by humans but still belongs to the same structural formation but often is dominated by alien species

semi-natural vegetation

BIOME CHANGES ex) tropical forest converted to grassland due to human interference, fires and droughts

canis lupus

ancestor of artificial selected dogs

how did we make dogs?

intentional juvenile selection

Brassica Olercea

cabbage, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts, etc, etc

opium poppy native to where?

thought to be mediterranian

slash and burn

shifting cultivation MOST COMMON IN TROPICS

shifting cultivation can only use ___% of farmland

non-stable growth

a discontinuous step process and a continuous process ex) development of agriculture

counting all humans ever in existence, how many were hunter and gatherers?

90% (only 6% agricultural and 3% modern agricultural!)

swidden

field created by cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland

asexual reproduction is common where?

tropics

climax forest

natural at peak stage

corn

mexico

potatoes

peru

how has artificial selection affected corn?

grew in size

is there a correct theory on the origin of agriculture

prob not

theoretical origins for agriculture

human nature to invent, religion, trade centers needed a surplus of food, optimum wild food zones, areas with max genetic diversity is likely centers for origin (8), AND SO ON

SAUER's theory of origin of agriculture

speculative in moist and abundant regions allowed more leisure time to experiment suggested started domestication with fisherman.

one of the first cultivated plants

cannabis

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

(76 cards)