Exam 2 Review Flashcards
(52 cards)
scientific fact
indisputable observation of a natural or social phenomenon.
scientific law
explains WHAT phenomena happen, repeatedly tested
scientific theory
explains WHY phenomena occur, repeatedly tested
no final truths?
no absolute truths in science only approx. truths agreed upon by a consensus
(can change with new data)
Salinization
increase of salt concentration in soil
- can be caused by flooding of the land by seawater, seepage of seawater or brackish groundwater through the soil from below.
-most influential human-induced factors are land use, farming systems, land management and land degradation. Inappropriate irrigation practices (such as the use of salt-rich irrigation water) and insufficient drainage both cause salinization.
Deforestation
Purposeful clearing of forests, alters landscapes, increases flooding risk/runoff, prevent filling of aquifers
CAN CAUSE SALINIZATION
Breadfruit male flower
monoecious! appears before female flower, thousands of tiny yellow flowers, releases pollen for days
location: end of branches
Breadfruit female flower
appears after male flower, appears after 1500-2000 reduced flowers that merge to form flesh fruit,
no pollination required for a fruit to form (flowers fuse together
location: end of branches
TECH NOT A FRUIT BUT AN INFLORESCENCE
Inflorescence
cluster of many flowers and seeds contained inside a bulbous stem.
syconium (breadfruit)
Multiple flowers form one fruit, inside inverted Inflorescence (TYPE OF INFLORESCENCE)
indigenous species
found in a certain ecosystem due to natural processes such as natural distribution.
no man interference, same thing as native species!!
Breadfruit uses
The seeds and fruit of breadfruit are eaten as foods. The roots, leaves, and latex are used to make medicine. Breadfruit is used for arthritis, asthma, back pain, wound healing, ear infections, and other conditions,
-bark=fabric
-SAP, bark and roots have medicinal properties
-leaves can be used as sandpaper
-fruit offering to gods
ulu
breadfruit
Breadfruit types
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, Artocarpus camansi Blanco, and Artocarpus mariannensis Trécul
Breadfruit Legends
Hawaiian: Story of Ku
-god Ku marries a Hawaiian woman and a breadfruit grew from his body after death
-considered magical tree
-ulu means to grow
Other:
-Famine, man and his family moved to the mountains, says he will turn into breadfruit tree in the morning
-Mostly all stories are concerned with the origin of the tree
Is Kiawe native to the Hawaiian Islands?
NO
introduced first by a French missionary, led to invasive takeover of the island
-could have also been introduced through ocean drift *seeds are buoyant
-disperal most common through cattle (digestion and stuck to fur)
Economic Impacts of Kiawe
Flowers vital economic resource in Hawaii
Production of honey for trade^
Kiawe ecological adaption to dry habitats
resillent in arid conditions/drought-like
can germinate in a wide range of soil pH and conditions
deep roots take more water than shallow rooted plants nearby, broad canopy (increased sun?)
Naturalized
non-native
grows and maintains itself over time w/o human help
Invasive
non-native
grows in many sites, quickly spreads, disrupts native communities
Dangers of Invasive species
1)loss of access to cultural keystone species
2) extinction of native plants
3) hard to control, can overtake property (vines)
Sandalwood are ______________ species
hemiparasitic
drupe fruit
fleshy fruit with thin skin and a central stone containing the seed
ex) plum, cherry, avocado, peach
SANDLEWOOD
hemiparasitic
plant that takes water from other plants roots (steals) to photosynthesize
