exam 1 review

Question 1

When a strong acid is placed in water, it

Answer 1

dissolves and dissociates.

Question 2

An individual hydrogen bond in a sample of water would be described as

Answer 2

weak and intermolecular.

Question 3

The simple sugar glucose is an example of a

Answer 3

monosaccharide.

Question 4

If an ionic compound formed between an element from the first column of the periodic table and another from the sixth column, you would expect the compound to include

Answer 4

two atoms from the first-column element and one atom from the sixth-column element.

Question 5

MgCl2 fully dissociates into Mg2+ and Cl- ions when mixed with water. Therefore, the bonds between Mg2+ and Cl- in MgCl2 can be described as

Answer 5

ionic.

Question 6

A protein consists of

Answer 6

more than 200 amino acids.

Question 7

The most common lipids in the body are

Answer 7

triglycerides, and they are used for energy storage in adipose.

Question 8

In a lab setting, heating a vessel full of reactants will generally

Answer 8

increase the kinetic energy of the molecules and increase the reaction rate.

Question 9

Hexokinase is an enzyme involved in cellular respiration and its substrate is glucose. Considering this information, hexokinase must be located

Answer 9

in the cytosol of cells.

Question 10

The electron transport chain

Answer 10

requires oxygen, and involves proteins in the cristae of mitochondria.

Question 11

If an electron and a hydrogen ion are removed from a structure during a chemical reaction, the structure is said to have been

Answer 11

oxidized.

Question 12

The enzyme-substrate complex is

Answer 12

the chemical structure formed when the substrate binds to the active site.

Question 13

In a chemical reaction where an electron is exchanged from one reactant to another, the structure that loses an electron is

Answer 13

oxidized.

Question 14

Which of the following choices lists the order of stages of cellular respiration in proper order?

Answer 14

Glycolysis, intermediate stage, citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system

Question 15

What is the net number of ATP molecules that can be produced from the oxidation of a glucose molecule under anaerobic conditions?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Pyruvate undergoes oxidation when it loses electrons to

Answer 16

NAD+.

Question 17

The abdominopelvic quadrants are formed by passing one horizontal and one vertical line through the

Answer 17

umbilicus.

Question 18

What is the number of covalent bonds that an atom of nitrogen can form within a molecule?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

The molecular formula of chlorine gas is Cl2. One molecule of this gas would be attracted to another by

Answer 19

intermolecular forces between nonpolar molecules.

Question 20

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules containing _________ bonds; the hydrogen bond is between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and a partially _________ charged atom of another.

Answer 20

polar covalent; negatively

Question 21

When a nonpolar molecule is placed in water, it will

Answer 21

neither dissolve nor carry electrical current.

Question 22

The hydrogen bonds in a sample of water result in ________ cohesion and a _____ heat of vaporization.

Answer 22

increased; high

Question 23

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a

Answer 23

weak proton acceptor.

Question 24

When a protein of 50 nanometers is mixed with water, the opaque result is called a(n)

Answer 24

colloid.

Question 25

The three parts making up a nucleotide are

Answer 25

a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 26

For every atom of carbon in a carbohydrate

Answer 26

there are approximately two atoms of hydrogen.

Question 27

Polar R groups of closely positioned amino acids often enter into _________ with each other, which helps give a protein its three-dimensional shape.

Answer 27

hydrogen bonds

Question 28

Three molecules that are important energy storage locations in the body are

Answer 28

ATP, glycogen, and triglyceride.

Question 29

Phosphorylation is carried out by a

Answer 29

kinase, and it may activate some enzymes and inhibit others.

Question 30

In performing its enzymatic function, carbonic anhydrase

Answer 30

requires the inorganic coenzyme zinc.

Question 31

An enzyme that is described as a protein kinase is a

Answer 31

transferase that transfers a phosphate group to a protein substrate.

Question 32

The electron transport chain

Answer 32

requires oxygen, and involves proteins in the cristae of mitochondria.

Question 33

When one glucose molecule is fully oxidized, how many molecules of CO2 result?

Answer 33

6

Question 34

The coenzymes that will provide the electrons needed for the electron transport system are

Answer 34

NADH and FADH2.

Question 35

The total number of ATP generated by the breakdown of glucose is 38, but the net number of ATP generated is

Answer 35

30.

Question 36

During cellular respiration, decarboxylation occurs when

Answer 36

a carboxyl group is released from pyruvate.