Exam 1 review

Question 1

The study of humankind which seeks to understand people and their behaviors in order to better communicate with and relate to other human groups in an increasingly interdependent world.

Answer 1

Anthropology

Question 2

What are the 4 fields of anthropology?

Answer 2

Cultural Anthropology-social anthropology (1)
Physical Anthropology-chemistry, biology, physics (3)

Question 3

What involves Linguistics, archaeology?

Answer 3

Cultural anthropology

Question 4

What is the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by men as a number of societies.

Answer 4

Culture

Question 5

What is a self-perpetuating group who share a geographical territory and a culture.

Answer 5

Society

Question 6

What are the levels that lay the foundation for culture (in order of importance)?

Answer 6

Sanctions (enforcement, penalties to violate norms) (4th)
Norms (3rd)
Values (2nd)
Beliefs (1)

Question 7

What are optional behavior (having 3 meals a day in our country)?

Answer 7

Customs

Question 8

What are unwritten expectations (positive-thou shalt)?

Answer 8

Folkways

Question 9

What are prohibitions including taboos (negative thou shalt not) (ex. burning American flags, cannibalism)

Answer 9

Mores

Question 10

What are legalized requirements?

Answer 10

Laws

Question 11

What is the idea that one’s’ own culture is superior to others
Inevitable for everyone?

Answer 11

Ethnocentrism

Question 12

What is notion that standards and practices of other societies are to be evaluated in terms of their values and not ours?

Answer 12

Cultural relativism

Question 13

What types can cultural relativism be broken into?

Answer 13

Empirical standards: immigration, and emigration
Biblical standards: law of God, (ten commandments-first 4 are vertical relationships, last 6 deal with horizontal relationships)

Question 14

What is the notion that no beliefs or actions right or wrong in and of themselves?

Answer 14

Ethical relativism

Question 15

What consists of a main faith, ideas-gov’t covered in news

Answer 15

Dominant culture

Question 16

What are these examples of: Civil rights movement, feminist movement, lgbtq?

Answer 16

Counter culture

Question 17

What is a set culture that maintains a faith or ideas-way of life that is different to that of main culture, but is within the mainstream culture of the area, ( ex: Amish).

Answer 17

Sub culture

Question 18

What is a socially organized body of people, who putatively share ethnicity-a common origin, language and cultural heritage. (ex: Kurds)?

Answer 18

Nation

Question 19

What is a politically organized territories that are internationally organized. (Kurdistan-broken among several states: Iran, Iraq, Turkey)?

Answer 19

State

Question 20

What has rule governed relationships-with all rights and obligations that hold members of society together. (Ex: households, families, associations, power relations-politics)

Answer 20

Social structure

Question 21

What is the economic foundation of society, including its subsistence practices and the tools and other material equipment used to make a living.

Answer 21

Infrastructure

Question 22

Society’s shared sense of identity and worldview. Collective body of ideas, beliefs, and values by which a group of people make sense of the world. (religion, national identity)

Answer 22

Superstructure

Question 23

The systematic description of a culture based upon firsthand observation

Answer 23

Ethnography

Question 24

What are the 2 types of cultural studies?

Answer 24

1) Ethnographic
2) Cross-cultural

Question 25

Incorporates contextual, qualitative, emic, ideographic studying

Answer 25

Ethnographic

Question 26

Incorporates comparative, quantitative, etic, nomothetic (rules or laws that are variety across cultures)

Answer 26

Cross-cultural

Question 27

Structural Anthropology

Answer 27

Cognitive anthropology
Founder-Claude Levi-Strauss
idea-binary contrasts

Question 28

Biocultural theory

Answer 28

(sociobiology)
Advances in genetic and fossil finds

Question 29

A) Preparing for the field
Training & familiarity
Funding
Orientation of research
B) Contact person
C) Informants (tribal chiefs, midwifes)
D) Language and time
E) Participant observation
Establish social relationships
Role playing (malinowskian ideal)

Answer 29

Steps for field work

Question 30

A) Originally, pencil & notebook
B) Census & maps
C) Genealogies & life histories
D) Camera: visual ethnography
E) Audio recorder: language, music, folklore, mythology, interviews, field notes
F) Computer
G) Diary/diary log:chronological record of events
H) Field notebook

Answer 30

Research techniques and tools

Question 31

A) Living arrangements
B) Food supplies
C) Currency
D) Lack of privacy
E) Sanitation and health

Answer 31

Human aspects of fieldwork: