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AT 103 > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Types of Reciprocating Engines (6)

A

Rotary-Type Radial Engines
In-Line Engines
V-Type Engines
Radial Engines
Multiple-Row Radial Engines
Opposed and Flat Type Engines

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2
Q

Rotary Types Radial Engines

A

Crankshaft is held stationary to the engine mount
Cylinders rotate about the crankshaft
Propeller is attached to the engine case

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3
Q

In-Line Engines

A

Cylinders of an in-line engine are arranged in a row parallel to the crankshaft
Cylinders can be above or below (inverted) the crankshaft

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4
Q

V-Type Engines

A

Cylinders are arranged in two rows, formed the letter V
Angles between the rows are usually 90, 60, or 45°
There are always an even number of cylinders per row

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5
Q

Single-Row Radial Engine

A

Odd number of cylinders extending radially from the centerline of the crankshaft
Cylinders range from 5-9
All pistons are connected to a single-throw 360° crankshaft

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6
Q

Double-Row Radial Engine

A

Resembles two single-row radial engines on a single crankshaft
Cylinders range from 14-18
A two-throw 180° crankshaft is used to allow stagger between each row of cylinders

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7
Q

Multiple-Row Radial Engines

A

The largest and most powerful reciprocating engine

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8
Q

Opposed and Flat Engine Type

A

Most popular for light conventional aircraft and helicopters

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9
Q

Engine Classification (In-line)

A

Upright, inverted

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10
Q

Engine Classification (V-Type)

A

Upright, inverted, Double V, X

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11
Q

Engine Classification (Opposed and Flat)

A

Opposed, flat

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12
Q

Engine Classification (Radial)

A

Single row, double row, multiple row

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13
Q

Difference between letters and numbers to determine engine designation

A

Letters are employed to indicate characteristics
Numerical are employed to indicate displacement

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14
Q

L

A

Left-hand rotation

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15
Q

T

A

Turbocharged

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16
Q

I

A

Fuel Injected

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17
Q

G

A

Geared

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18
Q

S

A

Supercharged

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19
Q

O

A

Opposed Cylinders

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20
Q

R

A

Radial Engine

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21
Q

#

A

Displacement to the nearest 5 in^3

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22
Q

Air Cooled vs. Liquid Cooled

A

Air: Uses the air flow around the engine
Liquid: Passages used to deliver liquid to hot spots on the engine

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23
Q

Crankcase

A

The foundation of the engine

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24
Q

Sections of the Crankcase (4)

A

The Front Section (Nose)
Main Power Section
Fuel Induction and Distribution Section
Accessory Section

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25
Parts of Accessory Section (6)
Mounting pads Fuel Pump Vacuum Pump Lubrication Oil Pump Starters Magnetos
26
Types of bearings (3)
Plain Roller Ball
27
Bearing functions
A part in which devices turns or revolves on a, Journal, Pivot, Pin, Shaft, etc.
28
Plain Bearings
Low-power engines Mainly designed to take radial loads Can also be used as a thrust bearing when flanges added
29
Roller Bearings
High-power applications Made in a variety of shapes and sizes Tapered rollers can withstand both radial and thrust loads Straight rollers are used for radial loads
30
Ball Bearings
Provides less friction than any other bearing types
31
Function of the Crankshaft
Transforms reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion to turn the propeller
32
Parts of the crankshaft (4)
Main Journal Crankpin Crank Cheek or Crank Arm Counterweights and Dampers
33
Types of crankshafts (4)
Single Throw Double Throw Four Throw Six Throw
34
Single Throw Crankshaft
Also known as “360°” Used for single row radial May be single or two piece Two piece are referred to as a split-clamp crankshaft
35
Double Throw Crankshaft
Also known as “180°” Generally for double row radials One throw for each row of cylinders May be constructed in one or three piece
36
Four Throw Crankshaft
For four cylinder opposed and inline engines V-8 engines Two throws are 180° apart from the other two throws
37
Six Throw Crankshaft
For six-cylinder inline and opposed engines V-12 Engines Throws are 60° apart from each other
38
Connecting Rod
Connects to the crankshaft
39
Connecting Rod types (3)
Plain Fork and Blade Master and Articulated
40
Plain Connecting Rod
Commonly used for in-line and opposed engines
41
Fork and Blade Connecting Rod
Used for V-type engines
42
Master and Articulated
Used in radial engines
43
Types of Pistons (5)
Flat Recessed Concave Convex Truncated Cone
44
Piston Ring
Are split so they can be slipped over the outside of the piston into ring grooves
45
Types of Piston Rings (3)
Plain Butt Joint Step Joint Angle Joint
46
Parts of a Cylinder (7)
Cylinder Barrel Cylinder Head Valve Guides Valve Rocker-Arm Supports Valve Seats Spark Plug Bushings Cooling Fins
47
Cylinder Barrel
High-strength steel alloy Surface roughness in the barrel is carefully controlled
48
Cylinder Head
Encloses the combustion chamber
49
Types of Valves (3)
Poppet Type Intake Exhaust
50
Poppet Type Valve
Forged in one piece
51
General configurations of Poppet Types (4)
Flat-Headed Semi-Tulip Tulip Mushroom
52
Exhaust Valve
Operates in very high temperatures Must be designed to dissipate heat rapidly Accomplished by hollowing the stem and sometimes the head The hollow portions of the valve is filled with metallic sodium
53
Intake Valve
Solid stems Heads are usually flat for low-power engines Tulip type are usually for high-power engines Forged from one piece alloy steel and machined for smooth finish
54
Valve Guides
Positioned to support and guide the stems of the valves
55
Valve Seats
Are shrunk or screwed into the circular edge of the valve opening in the cylinder head
56
Rocker-Arm
For opening and closing the valves
57
Four Stroke/Five Event Cycle
Intake Stroke (Suck) Compression Stroke (Squeeze) Power Stroke (Bang) Exhaust Stroke (Blow)
58
Intake Stroke
Piston starts at TDC Intake valve is open Exhaust valve is closed Piston moves downward Air fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder
59
Compression Stroke
Intake valve closes Piston moves back up Air fuel mixture is compressed in the cylinder Before piston reached TDC, ignition happens Ignition is timed to happen few degrees before TDC Ignition is caused by a sparkplug Spark ignites the air fuel mixture
60
Power Stroke
Also known as expansion stroke Heat and pressure from ignited air fuel mixture force the piston down Power is developed during this stroke
61
Exhaust Stroke
Also known as Scavenging stroke Before the piston reaches BDC on the power stroke, exhaust valve opens Gases in the cylinder are forced out as the piston moves back up
62
Stroke
The distance which the piston travels
63
BDC
Bottom Dead Center
64
TDC
Top Dead Center
65
Two Stroke Engine
Mechanically simpler than the four stroke engine Less efficient More difficult to lubricate Similar to four stroke engine with cylinder, piston, crankshaft, connecting rod, and crankcase
66
Diesel
Operation principle resembles that of the four stroke gasoline engine Pure diesel engine requires no electric ignition Fuel and oils are heavier and cheaper than gasoline engine
67
Displacement
Obtained by multiplying the area of a cross section of the cylinder bore by the total distance that the piston moves during one stroke
68
Critical Attitude
Highest level at which an engine will maintain a given horsepower output
69
Detonation & Pre-Ignition
D: Caused when temperature and pressure of the compressed mixture reach levels to cause explosion P: Caused when there is a hot spot in the engine that ignites the air fuel mixture before the spark plug fires
70
Types of oil (lubricant) (4)
Animal Vegetable Mineral Synthetic
71
Animal Lubricants
Highly stable at normal temperatures Lubricate firearms, sewing machines, clocks, and other light machinery Unsuitable for engines because fatty acids are produced at high temperatures
72
Vegetable Lubricants
Oxidizes when exposed to air Lower coefficient of friction than mineral oils Wears away steel rapidly
73
Mineral Lubricants
Largely used in aircraft engines Classified as Solid, Semisolid, & Fluid
74
Synthetic Lubricants
Tolerate high temperatures Mainly used for gas-turbine engines Does not evaporate and break down at high temperatures Not made from natural crude oils
75
Characteristics of oil (8)
Viscosity High antifriction characteristics Maximum fluidity at low temperatures Minimum changes in viscosity with changes in temperature High anti-wear properties Maximum cooling ability Maximum resistance to oxidation Noncorrosive
76
Functions of oil
Reduce friction between moving parts Cools various parts of the engine Seal combustion chamber by filling the spaces between the cylinder walls and piston rings Cleans the engine by carrying sludge and residues away from moving engine parts to oil filter Prevent corrosion by protecting metal from oxygen, water, and corrosive agents Serves as cushion between parts that sees impact loads

AT 103 (5 decks)

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