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AT 103 > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Parts of an Oil System (9)

A

Pressure Oil Pump
Oil Pressure Relief Valve
Oil Reservoir
Oil Pressure Gage
Oil Temperature Gage
Oil Filter
Necessary Piping and Connections
Oil Coolers
Oil Dilution Systems

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2
Q

Oil Pressure Relief Valve

A

Control and limit the lubricating oil pressure
Prevent damage to the lubrication system
Ensure lubrication in case of a system failure

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3
Q

Oil Filter Types (5)

A

Full-Flow
Bypass
Strainer
Spin-On
Cuno Oil

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4
Q

Full-Flow Filter

A

Filtering all the circulated oil of contaminants
All oil are filtered before passing through bearing surfaces
If Filter is clogged, a relief valve will open. Allowing oil bypass

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5
Q

Bypass Filter

A

Filters about 10% of the oil through filtering element and returns oil to sump
Oil passing through bearings are not filtered oil

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6
Q

Strainer Filter

A

A simple tubular screen
Designed to collapse when clogged or designed with relief valves that also open when clogged

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7
Q

Spin-On Filter

A

Newest style
Canister and filter element are one unit
Incorporates wrench pad, steel case, cellulosic paper, and mounting plate with threaded end for mounting to the engine
Full-flow type

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8
Q

Cuno Oil Filter

A

Series of laminated plates or disks
Contaminants are trapped on the outer diameter of the plates
The spacing of the plates will determine the particle size that may pass through

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9
Q

Alternate Air Valve Function

A

Allows air to flow to the engine if air filter is clogged

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10
Q

Carb Heat Valve Function

A

Operated by the carburetor heat control in the cockpit
The valve closes the main air duct and opens the duct to the heater muff

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11
Q

Causes of Intake Icing (3)

A

Flying through Clouds, Fog, Rain, Sleet, Snow, or High moisture clear air
if the temperature before the air scoop is below freezing point of water
when particles of water in the air strike cold surfaces

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12
Q

Exhaust System Function

A

Removes the products of combustion from the engine safely and effectively

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13
Q

Exhaust System Issues

A

Poor maintenance can lead to Nacelle fires, Toxic gases entering the cockpit and cabin, Damage to parts and structure in nacelle and, Poor engine performance

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14
Q

Characteristics of Fuel (4)

A

High heat value
Ability to evaporate when exposed to air
Ability to evaporate at ordinary temperatures
High volatility

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15
Q

Fuel Grades and Colors (4)

A

100 (green)
100LL (blue)
UL94 (unleaded)
UL91

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16
Q

Fuel System Parts (9)

A

Fuel Tanks
Fuel Boost Pump
Tank Strainer
Fuel Tank Vents
Fuel Lines
Fuel Control or Selector Valves
Main Strainer
Fuel Flow and Pressure Gages
Fuel Drain Valves

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17
Q

Spark Plug Parts (3)

A

Electrodes
Ceramic Insulator
Metal Shell

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18
Q

Types of electrodes in Spark Plugs

A

Projected Core Nose
Two-Prong Fine-Wire
Two-Prong Ground
Push-Wire

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19
Q

Heat Range of Spark Plugs (3)

A

Hot
Normal
Cold

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20
Q

If an engine typically runs hot…

A

relatively cold spark plug is required

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21
Q

If an engine typically runs cold…

A

relatively hot spark plug is required

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22
Q

Why do we use magnetos in general aviation? (4)

A

Superior to battery ignition
Produces a hotter spark at high engine speeds
Self-contained unit
Not dependent on any eternal source of electric energy

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23
Q

Types of Magnetos (8)

A

Low Tension Magnetos
High Tension Magnetos
Rotating Magnet Magnetos
Inductor Rotor Magnetos
Single Magnetos
Double Magnetos
Flange Mounted Magnetos
Base Mounted Magnetos

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24
Q

Essential Parts of Carburetors (7)

A

Float Mechanism and its Chamber
Strainer
Main Metering System
Idling System
Economizer System
Accelerating System
Mixture Control System

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25
Float Mechanism
Designed to control the level of fuel in the float chamber
26
Fuel Strainer
Fuel passes through a strainer screen Strainers are commonly a fine wire mesh that will intercept any dirt particles
27
Main Metering System
Controls the fuel feed in the upper half of the engine speed range
28
Units of the Main Metering System (3)
Main Metering Jet Main Discharge Nozzle Passage Leading to the Idling System
29
Functions of the Main Metering System (3)
Proportion the A/F mixture Decrease the pressure at the discharge nozzle Control the airflow at full throttle
30
Idling System
Delivers fuel only when throttle valve is nearly closed
31
Accelerating System
Discharges an additional quantity of fuel into the carburetor airstream when throttle is opened suddenly
32
Economizer System
Opens at high speeds to provide an enriched mixture to reduce burning temperatures an prevent detonation
33
Mixture Control System
Prevent mixture from becoming too rich at high altitudes Economize on fuel during engine operation in the low power range
34
Where do air and fuel mix?
Carburetor
35
Advantages of fuel injection (5)
Freedom from vaporization icing (carb icing) More uniform delivery of air fuel mixture to each cylinder Improved control of fuel/air ratio Instant acceleration after idling with no tendency to stall Increased engine fuel efficiency and power
36
Bendix RSA FI Servo
Designed to meter fuel in direct ratio to the volume of air being consumed by the engine Done by sensing venturi suction and impact air pressure in the throttle body
37
In the Bendix RSA FI Servo, throttle valve opening changes...
the velocity of air passing
38
In the Bendix RSA FI Servo, when air velocity increases... (2)
pressure of the impact tubes remains constant Air pressure at the venturi decreases
39
The differential pressure is used as a measurement of...
the volume of air consumed
40
Parts of the Fuel Injection system (5)
Servo Pressure Regulator Idle Valve Manual Mixture Control Flow Dividers Fuel Nozzles
41
Servo Pressure Regulator
Fuel flow to the engine, passing through the metering jet generates a fuel pressure differential with unmetered fuel Since fuel is metered to direct ratio with the air being consumed, the two opposite forces (fuel and air differentials) are equal
42
What keeps both diaphragms connected in the Servo Pressure Regulator
Servo Valve
43
The servo valve opening...
decreases the pressure in the meter fuel chamber increases the pressure in fuel differential
44
Idle Valve
Connected to the throttle linkage Externally adjustable Limits the area of the main metering jet Meters fuel accurately in the idle range
45
Idle mixture is correct when...
the engine gains 25-50 rpm from idle speed when mixture is placed in “idle cutoff”
46
Manual Mixture Control
A sliding valve Used by the pilot to effectively reduce the size of the metering jet Also allows for shutting off the fuel flow to the engine at engine shutdown
47
By changing the metering jet’s effective size, the pilot has the option of...
manually leaning the mixture
48
Flow Dividers
a single four way fitting (4 cylinder engine) or a tee that divides flow into two paths
49
Functions of Flow Dividers (2)
Ensure equal distribution of metered fuel to the nozzles Provide isolation of each nozzle for clean engine shutdown
50
At idle, fuel pressure is...
only enough to move the flow divider valve slightly
51
As engine accelerates...
metered fuel pressure increases
52
Fuel Nozzles
are of air bleed type Fuel is discharged inside the nozzle body into a chamber which is vented to atmospheric air pressure
53
Where are fuel nozzles mounted?
Nozzle is mounted in the intake valve port of the cylinder head
54
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
55
Inventors of Gas Turbine Engines
The Chinese - used rockets as weapons in 1232
56
Who designed the first true gas turbine engine?
Dr. F. Stolze - 1872
57
What aircraft company flew the first flight of a gas turbine engine?
Ernst Heinkel Aircraft - 1939
58
Who designed the first turbojet airplane?
Sir Frank Whittle - 1941
59
What year was the first US jet plane built?
1943
60
What was the world's first operational jet fighter
Messerschmitt Me 262 - 1942
61
Bernoulli's Principle
Total energy in a column of moving fluid remains constant throughout the column Total Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy
62
Otto Cycle
Intake (Suck) Compression (Squeeze) Power (Bang) Exhaust (Blow)
63
What is the difference between the Otto Cycle and the Brayton Cycle?
The Brayton Cycle is the same as the Otto Cycle except: Events occur at the same time Events occur at different locations within the engine
64
Subsonic Convergent Duct vs. Divergent Duct
C: Velocity decreases, Pressure and temperature increase D: Velocity increases, Pressure and temperature decrease
65
Supersonic Convergent Duct vs. Divergent Duct
C: Air does not speed up but compresses, Velocity decreases, Pressure and density increases D: Air expands, Velocity increases, Pressure and density decreases
66
Non-Air vs Air Breathing Engine Types
Non-Air carries all the needed oxygen within their fuel and generates heat by chemical reaction between fuel and an oxidizer Air Breathing takes air in through the air inlet
67
Types of Air Breathing Engines (6)
Turbojet Turboprop Turboshaft Turbofan Pulse-Jet Ramjet
68
Turbojet Engine
Takes air in through the air inlet Compresses the air Mix compressed air with fuel Air and fuel mixture ignited and burned Hot gases passes through turbine Air forced out of a specially shaped exhaust nozzle forming a high-speed jet
69
Turboprop Engine
Drives a propeller A derivative of the turbojet engine
70
Methods of driving a propellor (2)
Connecting the propeller to the compressor Connecting the propeller to a turbine separate from the core engine (Free-Turbine Engine)
71
Turboshaft Engine
Commonly used for helicopters More efficient at constant RPM required by helicopters Most drives output shaft with multistage free turbine Reduction gearbox is remote from the engine
72
Turbofan Engine
Increased propulsive efficiency Lower Noise Lower fuel consumption Lengthened blades in early stage(s) of low-pressure compressor Air from the fan section flows around the outside of the core engine Fan can produce 30-75% of the total thrust
73
Bypass Ratio
Ratio of the mass or air moved by the fan to the mass of air moved by the core engine
74
Types of Bypass Ratio (3)
Low-Bypass High-Bypass Ultra-High-Bypass
75
Low-Bypass Ratio
Less than 2 : 1
76
High-Bypass Ratio
Ratio of 4 : 1 or greater
77
Ultra-High-Bypass Ratio
Exceeds 30 : 1
78
Pulse-Jet Engine
Early air-breathing reaction engines Used as early as World War II in missiles
79
Ramjet Engine
Simplest type of air-breathing reaction engine Requires high-velocity air entering the engine to work
80
Types of Thrust (2)
Net Gross
81
Net Thrust
Thrust produced by the engine while in flight
82
Gross Thrust
Thrust produced by the engine while engine is static and not moving
83
% RPM
Compressor speed approximately proportional to the trust being produced by the engine Used in smaller jet engines
84
EPR
Engine Pressure Ratio Ratio of the turbine discharge total pressure to the compressor inlet total pressure Used in larger jet engines
85
Ways to increase thrust (3)
Water Injection Duct Heater Afterburners
86
Water Injection
Increases mass airflow and reduces turbine inlet temp. Increases takeoff thrust by 10-30%
87
Duct Heater
Fuel is added to the fan-discharge air and burned
88
Afterburners
Only 25% of air passing through the core is used for combustion Remaining air used for cooling Fuel is sprayed into the hot exhaust gases and ignited Additional heat further accelerates the air to create 50% increase in thrust Threefold increase in fuel consumption

AT 103 (5 decks)

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