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Microbiology > Exam 1 review > Flashcards

Exam 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the BEST description of the field of microbiology?
A. The study of diseases caused by viruses and bacteria
B. The study of living organisms too small to be seen without magnification
C. The study of bacteria
D. The study of things in the microscope
E. The study of simple living things

A

B. The study of living organisms too small to be seen without magnification

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2
Q 
Cells with realitively simple structures that do not have a true membrane-bound nucleus are referred to as 
A. prokaryotes
B. eukaryotes
C. urkaryotes
D. nokaryotes
E. A and B
A

A. prokaryotes

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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE Since viruses are considered to be acellular, they are NOT included in any of the domains of life
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

A

A. TRUE

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4
Q 
Eukaryotic organelles that arose by endosymbiosis include
A. lysosomes
B. the Golgi
C. the ER
D. Two of these
E. NONE of these
A

E. NONE of these

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5
Q

Which of the following observations by Francesco Redi refutes the idea of spontaneous generation?
A. flies laid eggs on uncovered meat and maggots developed
B. covered pieces of meat did not produce maggots spontaneously
C. Maggots and flies are usually associated with meat
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

A

B. covered pieces of meat did not produce maggots spontaneously

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch’s Postulates
A. The microorganism is present in some healthy individuals and some diseased individuals.
B. The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
C. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host.
D. The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host.
E. Actually ALL of these are Koch’s Postulates

A

A. The microorganism is present in some healthy individuals and some diseased individuals.

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7
Q

Why did no bacteria grown in the broth during Pasteur’s experiment?
A. The broth had been frozen before the experiment
B. He didn’t put any bacteria into the broth
C. The neck of the flask was bent
D. The temperature was too high for bacteria to grow
E. The flask was sealed

A

C. The neck of the flask was bent

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8
Q 
Small internal cell structures are best visualized with a 
A. light microscope
B. dark-field microscope
C. transmission electron microscope
D. scannin electron microscope
E. confocal microscopy
A

C. transmission electron microscope

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9
Q 
As the magnification of a series of objective lenses increases, the working distance
A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays the same
D. turns over
E. cannot be predicted
A

B. decreases

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE The main limitation when using the light microscope is resolution rather than magnification

A

FALSE

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11
Q

In the Gram-staining procedure, the primary stain is

A

Crystal Violet

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12
Q

Acidic dyes bind to cellular molecules that are ________ charged

A

Positively

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13
Q

In microscopy, the lense or magnet that focuses the illumination source at the sample is called the

A

Condenser

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14
Q

The term used to describe bacteria that have rod-like shape is

A

Bacillus

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15
Q

Bacterial cells of the same species that are variable in shape are called

A

Pleomorphic

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Procaryotic Plasma membrane?
A. Control content
B. Help with energy management
C. determine and maintain cell shape
D. provide a selectively permeable barrier
E. separate the cytoplasm from the outside environment

A

C. determine and maintain cell shape

17
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periplasmic space:
A. it is found only in gram-negative bacteria
B. it is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
C. it is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-positive bacteria
D. it is larger in gram-positive bacteria than it is in gram-negative bacteria
E. TWO of these are TRUE

A

C. it is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-positive bacteria

18
Q

What holds the long chains of sugar to each other in peptidoglycan?

A

Small polypeptides

19
Q

The function of the ribosome in the bacterial cell is to

A

Synthesize proteins

20
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Gram-negative bacteria stain pink because the purple stain cannot get into the cells

A

FALSE

21
Q

Bacterial granules that serve as storage locations for organic or inorganic material are called what?

A

Inclusions

22
Q

Ribosomal synthesis and ribosome construction occur where?

A

Nucleus

23
Q

The entry point for protein sorting in the eucaryotic cell

A

Rough ER

24
Q

The organelle where polymers are degraded so their subunits can be reused.

A

Lysosome

25
Q

The liquid portion inside a Eucaryotic cell that is not inside any of the organelles is called

A

The cytosol

26
Q 
Which of the following is/are part of the eukaryotic cytoplasm?
A. Ribosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Cytosol
D. Two of these
E. All of these
A

Ribosome, Mitochondria, Cytosol

E. All of these

27
Q

In eukaryotes, which cytoskeleton component forms the spindle apparatus that separates chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis?

A

Microtubules

28
Q

Energy comes from light

Electrons come from inorganic donors and Carbon comes from CO2

A

Photolithoautotroph

29
Q

Energy comes from organic molecules
Electrons come from organic donors and
Carbon comes from organic molecules

A

Chemoorganoheterotroph

30
Q

Energy comes from inorganic chemicals
Electrons come from inorganic donors and
Carbon comes from organic molecules

A

Chemolithoheterotroph

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of a growth factor?
A. An amino acid which the microbe cannot make
B. A source of carbon
C. A Vitamin
D. An enzyme cofactor which the microbe cannot make
E. A purine or pyrimidine which the cell cannot make

A

B. A source of carbon

32
Q

This form of transport involves one molecule moving WITH the gradient and another molecule moving AGAINST the gradient

A

Secondary Active Transport

33
Q

This type of diffusion is used for large polar molecules that the microbe wants to come in and they do so by moving from high concentration to low concentration

A

Facilitated diffusion

34
Q

Microbes in an iron-limited environment will secrete __________ externally to bind ferric iron.

A

Siderophores

35
Q
  1. The suspected causal organism must be constantly associated with the disease.
  2. The suspected causal organism must be isolated from an infected plant and grown in pure culture.
  3. When a healthy susceptible host is inoculated with the pathogen from pure culture, symptoms of the original disease must develop.
  4. The same pathogen must be re-isolated from plants infected under experimental conditions.
A

Koch’s Postulates

36
Q

In the Gram-negative cell wall, these connect the pepdidoglycan layer with the outer membrane

A

Braun’s lipoproteins

Microbiology (8 decks)

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