Exam 1 Review - Lab Portion

Question 1

What muscle runs across the carpus and contains the sesamoid bone muscle that you’ll see on a radiograph? What innervates it?

Answer 1

Abductor digiti I longus
Innervation: radial

Question 2

Where does the biceps brachii originate? Insert?

Answer 2

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: radius and ulna

Question 3

Brachialis origin and insertion

Answer 3

Origin: proximal humerus
Insertion: radius and ulna

Question 4

What group of muscles originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 4

extensors

Question 5

What group of muscles originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 5

Flexors

Question 6

Where does Extensor Carpi Radialis orginate?

Answer 6

supracondylar crest

Question 7

With a fracture of the humerus, if you take a lateral surgical approach, what muscles are in your way?

Answer 7

lateral and accessory head of tricep
(Brachialis?)

Question 8

What muscles span multiple joints? What are their actions?

Answer 8

Bicep Brachii (Flex Elbow, Extend Shoulder)
Long Head of Tricep (Extend Elbow, Flex Shoulder)

Question 9

Between what bones does the nuchal ligament span?

Answer 9

C2 –> first 3 thoracic vertebrae

Question 10

do cats have a nuchal ligament?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

Which muscles attach to the accessory carpal bone?

Answer 11

Ulnaris lateralis (radial nerve)
Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

Question 12

What through the supracondylar foramen in cats?

Answer 12

Brachial Artery
Median Nerve

Question 13

What artery supplies blood to the head?

Answer 13

carotid artery

Question 14

During a surgical ventral approach for a laminectomy, what muscles do you need to reflex to access the vertebral disc?

Answer 14

longus coli

Question 15

During a surgical dorsal approach for a laminectomy, what muscles do you need to reflex to access the vertebral disc?

Answer 15

transversospinalis

Question 16

What muscles are involved in inspiration during respiration?

Answer 16

Scalenus, Serratus dorsalis cranialis, intercostals

Question 17

Which muscles are involved in expiration?

Answer 17

Serratus dorsalis caudalis, abdominals

Question 18

What is the action of the epaxial muscles on the vertebral column?

Answer 18

Lateral movement and Extension (Arching the back to stretch)

Question 19

Within what muscle is the superficial cervical lymph node located?

Answer 19

omotransversarius

Question 20

what comes out of the lateral vertebral foramen on C1?

Answer 20

C1 nerve?

Question 21

What comes out of transverse foramen on C1?

Answer 21

vertebral veins and arteries

Question 22

What comes out of the transverse foramen on C7?

Answer 22

C7 does not have a transverse foramen

Question 23

Radial nerve damage below the tricep will result in ___ due to loss of function of the ____.

Answer 23

knuckling, carpal and digital extensors

Question 24

Loss of the radial nerve above the tricep will result in ___, due to loss of __.

Answer 24

non-weight bearing, lose elbow, carpal, and digital extensors

Question 25

If you lose the Axillary nerve, can the dog still bear weight? Why or why not?

Answer 25

Yes
Axillary nerve innervates Deltoideus, Teres major, and Teres minor, which are shoulder flexors
The long head of the tricep (radial n.) can compensate and function as the main shoulder flexor and elbow extender

Question 26

A dog presents with the inability to dig, what muscle or nerve may be affected?

Answer 26

latissimus dorsi, innervated by the thoracodorsal-nerve

Question 27

A dog can extend its elbow joint and bear weight, only on the dorsal aspect of its manus. When you test the dorsal manus for sensation, the dog has feeling in its skin. What specific nerve damage might explain this presentation?

Answer 27

Deep branch of radial nerve on surface of brachialis muscle

Question 28

What is the specific name for the twitching reflex? What muscle and nerve are responsible?

Answer 28

Panniculus response, Cutaneous trunci, Lateral thoracic nerve

Question 29

A dog is holding a bone between its paws, what muscle is mainly responsible for this action

Answer 29

pronators (paws are gripping and pushing down, i.e. pronation)

Question 30

What muscle innervated by the radial nerve that is not an extensor? where does it originate?

Answer 30

Ulnaris lateralis (lateral epicondyle)

Question 31

Where does the supinator originate?

Answer 31

Lateral epicondyle

Question 32

Where does the pronator teres originate?

Answer 32

medial epicondyle

Question 33

Would avulsion of the brachial plexus affect the panniculus response?

Answer 33

Yes
Lateral thoracic nerve, which innervates cutaneous trunci, passes through the brachial plexus

Question 34

What functions would be impaired if the ulnar nerve is severed?

Answer 34

Flexion of the carpus and digits would be reduced
(DDF (ulnar head) and flexor carpi radialis)

Question 35

What functions would be affected if the axillary nerve is severed?

Answer 35

Flexion of the shoulder would be reduced
(teres major, teres minor, and deltoideus), Long head of tricep (radial nerve) would be able to compensate

Question 36

What functions would be affected if radial nerve is damaged at the level of the brachial plexus?

Answer 36

Animal would be non-weight bearing
Reduced shoulder flexion (loss of LH of tricep)
Complete loss of elbow extenders
Complete loss of carpal and digital extensors

Question 37

Palmar aspect of the manus has ___ aspect, but no __ __ __.

Answer 37

sensory, cutaneous autonomous zone

Question 38

sensory zone of median nerve

Answer 38

palmar surface of paw