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Exam 1 study Flashcards

1
Q

Droplet illnesses

A
  • Flu
  • Mumps
  • Pertussis
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2
Q

Airborne illnesses

A
  • Measles
  • Chickenpox
  • TB
  • herpes roster
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3
Q

Droplet barrier protection

A
  • private or cohort room
  • surgical mask
  • mask on patient while transporting and only when necessary
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4
Q

Airborne barrier precautions

A
  • private room
  • negative airflow pressure
  • n95 mask
  • ultraviolet irradation or air filter
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5
Q

Contact indications

A

MDR0’s
wound infection
skin infection
eye infection

private or cohort room
-gloves and gown

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6
Q

Protectice indications

A
  • transplant
  • chemotherapy
  • burns
  • immunocompromised
  • private room
  • positive airflow
  • no plants or fruit
  • full PPE
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7
Q

How can nursing care support the body’s natural primary defenses against infection?

A 
watching for impaired skin integrity
hygiene of the patient
make sure patient is breathing properly
eyes are protected
mouth is clean
no GI, GU or bowel problem
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8
Q

systemic infection

A

occur when pathogens invade the blood or lymph and spread throughout the body

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9
Q

latent infection

A

sneaky/hiding infection. might not even know you’re sick

ex. HIV, TB

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10
Q

exogenous infection

A

pathogen acquired from the healthcare environment

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11
Q

endogenous infection

A

the pathogens arise from the patient’s normal flora when some form of treatment causes the normally harmless microbe to multiply & cause infection

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12
Q

Infection Stages: incubation

A

stage between successful invasion of pathogen into the body & the first appearance of symptoms

person doesn’t suspect that they’ve been infected but may be capable of infecting others

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13
Q

Prodromal stage

A

first appearance of vague symptoms

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14
Q

decline stage

A

patients immune defenses along with any medical therapies successfully reduce the number of pathogenic microbes

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15
Q

convalescence stage

A

tissue repair and a return to health as the remaining number of microorganisms approaches 0.

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16
Q

Standard precautions

A

contact w/ blood & body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes from ALL patients

PPE: gown, gloves, mask, goggles

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17
Q

Under normal conditions, the kidneys produce how many ml of urine?

A

1500 ml/24 hr

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18
Q

Abnormal urine output

A

30 ml an hour or less for 2 hours

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19
Q

The first steps in urination begins when the bladder contains how many ml of urine?

A

need to void occurs at 200-450 ml

about 400-500 ml/voiding

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20
Q

Anuria

A

absence of urine often associated with kidney failure or congestive heart failure.

urine output is less than 100 ml in 24 hrs

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21
Q

Dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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22
Q

end stage renal disease

A

chronic rise in serum creatinine levels associated w/ loss of kidney function

must be treated with dialysis or transplantation

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23
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary loss of urine

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24
Q

nocturia

A

frequent urination after going to bed

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25
oliguria
urine output *less than 400 ml in 24 hrs*
26
polyuria
excessive urination caused by excessive hydration, diabetes, or kidney disease
27
proteinuria
presence of protein in urine | sign of infection or kidney disease
28
pyuria
pus in urine. caused by lesions or infection in the urinary tract
29
Alterations in urinary eliminations
``` Intake and output Urine appearance (color, clarity, amount, odor) Urinalysis BUN 10-20 mg/dL creatinine 0.5-1.2 mg/dl ```
30
Normal & abnormal urine
normal- yellow, clear. no odor. sweet or fruity in diabetic patients. abnormal- red, orange, green. ammonia smell
31
Urinalysis
Normal protein, glucose, & ketones= negative. PROTEIN SHOULD NOT ESCAPE FROM URINE glucose may show up in diabetic patient leukocyte/bacteria present= infection. should be negative blood in urine indicates an infection BUN= 10-20. if higher= some type of kidney disease creatinine= 0.5-1.2 specific gravity= 1.003-1.03 if higher= may be dehydrated. lower may be over hydrated
32
Post-void residual (PVR)
patient voids | within 10-15 min get a bladder scan & see how much urine left in bladder after its emptied
33
Stress incontinence
increased abdominal pressure abdominal muscles not strong enough to keep it from coming out ex. laughing, sneezing. seen in pregnancy pt's
34
Mixed incontinence
some urge & some stress combined
35
overflow incontinence
bladder so full that a little dribbles out. can happen often
36
functional incontinence
nability or blockage, can't get to bathroom no urinary or psychosocial reason prompted toileting hourly rounding remove the barrier
37
reflex incontinence
neurological problem-- stroke, spinal cord injury, bladder being damaged scheduled voiding intermittent catheterization
38
types of urinary diversions: cutaneous ureterostomy
surgery reroutes the ureter directly to surface of abdomen forming a small stoma limited use bc it provides a pathway for pathogens to enter the kidney *drainage bag*
39
Conventional urostomy (ileal conduit)
most common type small piece of ileum used to make a patch into which the ureters are implanted. urine drains continuously from stoma & is collected in a pouch *(drainage bag)*
40
Continent urinary reservoir
valve. same as ileal conduit but instead of urine constantly flowing, the patient inserts a catheter into the stoma to drain urine through the valve *no drainage bag*
41
which diversions are incontinent?
cutaneous ureterostomy & conventional urostomy/ileal conduit (drainage bag)
42
Nursing process
ADPIE 1. assess 2. diagnose 3. plan 4. implement 5. evaluate
43
How do you write a nursing diagnosis?
NANDA defintion, state related to factor, then AED ``` use frameworks (maslow hierarchy of needs) ABC's- airway, breathing, circulation safety/risk reduction least restrictive/less invasive prioritize acute over chronic problems ```
44
High urgency example
pain, risk for falls
45
Medium urgency example
imbalanced nutrition
46
Low urgency example
chronic low self esteem, anxiety
47
Each medication order must include:
``` the patient's name order date medication name dosage route frequency prescriber's signature ```
48
SIX rights of medication administration
``` right medication right dose right route right time right patient right documentation ```
49
PRN
as needed
50
peak and trough
peak- highest concentration trough- lowest concentration * peak-check 30-60 min after its completely infused* * check trough levels 30 min before administer next dose*
51
Temp of otic meds
body temp or slightly warmer. DONT USE COLD MEDS
52
parenteral route
bypass the GI tract | intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, iv
53
Intradermal
under skin. goes in at 15 degrees | ex. tb test allergy testing
54
Subcutaneous intramuscular
under the skin, but not in muscle. 45-90 degree angle
55
intramuscular
90 degrees into the muscle sites: deltoid, ventral gluteal, vestas laterals
56
IV advantages
fast acting establishes constant blood levels delivers large volumes *most dangerous*
57
Specifc gravity
Normal: 1.005-1.030 Abnormal: <1.005 Renal disease or overhydration > 1.030 dehydration
58
Protein
Normal result: Negative | Abnormal: Positive- renal disease
59
Glucose
Normal: Negative Abnormal: positive - abnormal glucose metabolism such as diabetes
60
Ketones
Normal: Negative Abnormal: positive- poorly controlled diabetes
61
RBC
Normal: 0,1,2 Abnormal: 3 or more - UTI, cancer in the urinary tract, or trauma
62
Bilirubin
Normal: Negative Abnormal: Positive- gallbladder or liver disease
63
Nitrite
Normal: Negative Abnormal: Positive- UTI
64
Leukocyte esterase
Normal : Negative | Abnormal: Positive- UTI
65
WBC
Normal: Negative Abnormal: Positive- UTI
66
Bacteria
Normal: Negative Abnormal: Positive- UTI or contaminated specimen
67
BUN "blood urea nitrogen"
``` Normal: 10-20 mg Abnormal: >20 -Renal disease -Liver disease -Bleeding in the GI tract -Dehydration ``` <10mg -Overhydration
68
Creatinine
Normal: 0.5-1.2 mg Abnormal: >1.2mg -renal disease -dehydration

FPCC (15 decks)

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