Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
What is tachycardia?
A
Abnormally heart rate, over 100 per minute
2
Q
A deficiency of blood supply oxygen resulting in either functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel is?
A
Ischemic Heart Disease
3
Q
What is insulin shock?
A
Hypoglycemia, Too much insulin (hyperinsulinism), which lowers level of blood glucose(hypoglycemia).
4
Q
What if I said, something is asymptomatic, what would you tell me?
A
A person who carries a disease with no symtopms
5
Q
What systemic problem has been named the silent killer?
A
Hypertension
6
Q
What is Secondary Hypertension?
A
About 10% of people have an underlying medical conditions.
7
Q
What is primary hypertension?
A
About 90% have primary or essential hypertension.
8
Q
Most common oral side effects with medications for hypertension?
A
- Cough
- Diarrhea/Constipation
- Dizziness/light headed
- Erection problems
- Feeling nervous
- Feeling tired, weak, drowsy
- Headache
- Nausea/vomiting
- Skin rash
- Weight loss or gain
9
Q
How can diabetes affect periodontal disease and vice versa?
A
The inflammatory process involving the pathogenesis of both diseases
10
Q
Acetone, fruity breath is a symptom of?
A
Ketoacidosis
11
Q
What factors impact the need for insulin?
A
- Food intake
- illness
- Stress
- Variations in exercise
- Infections
12
Q
What organ is insulin produced?
A
Pancreas
13
Q
What is hypoglycemia?
A
An abnormal low level of glucose in the blood
14
Q
When treating a diabetic patient how would you prepare for the patient?
A
- Treat pt after a meal
- Avoid peak insulin level
- Ideal time: depends on life style/method of insulin taken
- Morning appointments, after breakfast/medication and ascending time of blood glucose level curve
15
Q
Possible complications with diabetics…. e.g.- increased susceptibility to infection?
A
- Susceptible to infection
- Neuropathy (pain/numbness of mouth, face & extremities)
- Nephropathy (Renal Disease)
- Retinopathy (blindness)
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Amputation
- Pregnancy Complications
- Psychosocial Aspects
16
Q
Be familiar with a patient who goes into insulin shock and protocol for this emergency
A
- Stop treatment
- Sit pt upright
- For conscious pt; glucose gel with 15/15 rule (wait 15 minutes then give 15 more grams) glucose still below 70, activate EMS
- For unconscious pt; contact EMS, supine position, provide basic life support, Denis administer IV glucose , EMS to hospital
17
Q
Most common dental emergency with a diabetic patient?
A
Hypoglycemia
18
Q
Diabetes is the leading cause of?
A
Renal disease, Most common cause of end stage renal disease
19
Q
What are the symptoms of a pacemaker malfunction?
A
high energy pulse is delivered which can be painful to the pt
20
Q
A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing up from sitting down or lying down?
A
Postural Hypotension
21
Q
What is the critical pH level for demin?
A
below 5.5
22
Q
Sugar substitute that can promote remineralization?
A
Xylitol
23
Q
What is cariogenic?
A
Foods and beverages that lower oral pH and are conductive to dental caries.
24
Q
What is the most addictive substance in tobacco?
A
Nicotine
25
What are the oral signs of tobacco use?
- Dental Stains
- Calculus
- Dental Caries
- Periodontal problems
26
Clinically, what should you do if you suspect oral cancer on your patient?
- Show the pt
- Explain the problem
- Record
- Referral indications
- Teach pt self-examination
- Detect, relate, motivate
27
Myocardial infarction is also known as?
Heart attack
28
What is the single most preventable disease that causes premature death in the world today?
ETS
29
Smoking is risk factor for what diseases?
Periodontal disease
30
Smokeless tobacco Facts:
- 28 carcinogens
- Most harmful are tobacco specific
- Absorbed through gingiva and oral mucosa membranes
- Absorbed 3-4 times faster
31
T/F Patients who use tobacco may require longer and more frequent appointments due to
- dental stains
- calculus
- dental caries
- periodontal problems
True
32
When should patients on anticoagulant therapy have their prothrombin time checked?
Within 24 hours of appointment
33
Results form the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas?
Type 1 Diabetes
34
Most prevalent type of diabetes, account for 90-95% of all patients with diabetes?
Type II Diabetes
35
Anticoagulant therapy
Used in treatment of many cardiovascular disease to prevent embolus and thrombus formation.
36
What is the single most preventable disease that causes premature death in the world today?
tobacco
37
What meds are most commonly used to prevent or delay blood coagulation?
- Heparin
| - Coumarin derivatives
38
Diabetic coma; too little insulin, occurs primarily in type 1 diabetes mellitus is?
Ketoacidosis
39
What is put in the air once a cig is ignited?
Carcinogens, ETS
40
What has been associated with maternal smoking?
- Cleft lip
- Cleft palate
- Delayed tooth formation
41
When is the heart completely developed by?
9th week
42
What goes by age, gender, and estimates nutritional requirements for an individual?
Estimated average requirements
43
What was the name of myplate first?
food pyramid in 1991 by USDA
44
This type of hypertension is life threatening that comes on suddenly with diastolic reading above 130?
Malignant hypertension
45
What kind of adverse effects can smoking cause on pregnant people?
- Abortion
- Low birth weight
- Pre term delivery
46
T/F When periodontal is present w/ tobacco gingival blood flow and gingival crevicular flow are diminished
True
47
What was the 1st non nicotine med shown to be effective for tobacco cessation, approved by FDA?
Bupropion SR
48
Lifestyle modifications that may impact blood pressure?
- Weight and exercise
- Diet
- Tobacco use (cessation)
- Limiting alcohol intake
- Reduce sodium intake
- Reduce dietary saturated fat and cholesterol
49
Health history, questions, and obtain patient's confidence?
Ask phase
50
Stop-look-listen approach, Praise non users/former users?
Advice phase
51
Ask pt if they're ready to quit, if not use the 5 R's?
```
Relevance: advice
Risks: discuss risk of tobacco
Rewards: benefits of quitting
Roadblocks: identify barriers
Repetition: motivational message
```
Assess phase
52
Establishing a quit plan, pharmacotherapy, educational material, and counseling?
Assist phase
53
Following up with patient and team approach?
Arrange phase
54
Nicotine Stomatitis
Mainly associated with pipe smoking
55
Problems that can arise from drinking cariogenic foods in excess?
Dental caries from biofilm
56
Be familiar in what happens with the pH in the oral cavity when eating snacks between meals vs. eating with a meal.
(when eating cariogenic food, pH levels drop below critical counts 5.5)
- With meals the the bacterial levels are lower
- Without meals, frequently, bacterial levels are greatly increased
57
T/F Periodontal disease is not caused by deficiencies, but malnutrition can contribute to its progression!
True
58
Risk factors for IE?
- Preexisting cardiac abnormalities
- Prothetic heart valves
- IV drug abuse
- History of previous endocarditis
- Prosthetic valve replacement
59
Rheumatic heart disease appears when?
2-3 weeks after a beta-hemolytic group (A Strep pharyngeal) infection
60
The most common artery associated with MI is?
Anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery
61
Myocardial infraction is also known as?
Heart attack
62
Smokeless tobacco Facts:
- 28 carcinogens
- Most harmful are tobacco specific
- Absorbed through gingiva and oral mucosa membranes
- Absorbed 3-4 times faster
63
T/F Patients who use tobacco may require longer and more frequent appointments due to
- dental stains
- calculus
- dental caries
- periodontal problems
Trure
64
What is the single most preventable disease that causes premature death in the world today?
Tobacco
65
Smoking is a risk factor for what disease?
Periodontal disease
66
Nicotine Stomatitis
Mainly associated with pipe smoking
67
Problems that can arise from drinking cariogenic foods in excess?
Dental caries from biofilm
68
Be familiar in what happens with the pain the oral cavity when eating snacks between meals vs. eating with a meal
(When eating cariogenic food, pH levels drop below critical counts 5.5)
- With meals the bacterial levels are lower
- Without meals, frequently, bacterial levels are greatly increased
69
5 A'sin tobacco cessation are?
- ASk
- Advice
- Assess
- Assist
- Arrange
70
The 3 P's when considering diabetes are?
- Polyphagia (Excessive hunger)
- Polyuria (Excessive urination)
- Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
71
<120 <80
Normal
72
120-139
| 80-89
Prehypertension
73
140-159
| 90-99
Stage 1 Hypertension
74
>160 >100
Stage 2 Hypertension
75
A complication following rheumatic fever?
Rheumatic Heart Disease
76
The most extreme symptom of Ischemia heart disease is?
MI (Myocardial Infarction)
77
What hypertension usually has both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are elevated?
Secondary hypertension
78
What are the risk factors for Primary Hypertension?
- Tobacco use
- Heredity
- Age
- Race
- Sex
- Salt
- Overweight
- Environmental Stress
79
What are risk factors for Secondary hypertension?
- Renal disease
- Endocrine disorders (diabetes, thyroid disease, hyperthyroidism)
- Medications (steroids)
80
What Is the purpose of a dietary assessment?
- identify patient who may be at nutritional and oral health risk.
- Refer them Registered Dietitian when intervention is beyond the scope of the dental hygiene.
- Provide an opportunity for a patient to study personal dietary habits.
- Get an overall picture of the types of food in the patient’s diet, their preferences, and how much of food eaten.
- Study their food habits and snacking patterns.
- Record frequency and when the cariogenic food is consumed.
- Determine the overall consistency of the diet; identify fibrous foods and soft sticky foods regularly consumed.
- Identify the nutritional status of the patients, and then discuss with the patient to make suggestions for change in an adequate diet for health promotion.
- Plan with the patient necessary changes to improve the health of the oral mucosa and periodontium, and prevent caries.
81
What vitamin might a patient be deficient in if they have angular cheilosis?
- B2 Riboflavin
- B6 Pyriodoxine
- B12 Cobalamin
- B9 Folate (Folic acid)
- Iron
82
What minerals are for wound healing?
Zinc
83
What vitamins are for wound healing?
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- Vitamin B complex
- Dietary Calcium
84
Clinically, what should you do if you suspect oral cancer on you patient?
- Show the patient
- Explain the problem
- Record
- Referral indications
- Teach pt self-examination
- Detect, relate, motivate
85
Recommendations for the average amts. of recommended nutrients that need to be consumed on a daily basis, for nutrients needed to prevent deficiency are known as?
RDA's (recommended dietary analysis
86
T/F Infection that doesn’t respond to treatment or healing may be signs of undiagnosed diabetes.
True
87
What is a major risk factor of developing diabetes?
Adults overweight with a BMI > 25
88
What patients usually take anticoagulants (Blood thinners)?
Patients with previous history of Thrombus and Embouls
