Exam 1 Things Flashcards
(48 cards)
Rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis
glycogen phosphorylase
Glycolysis occurs in
Cytosol
Calcium responsive element binding protein CREBP
Induces expression of insulin in the 2nd phase of release - the latest effect of insulin as GK increases
GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide 1)
An incretin; kinda to receptor on pancreatic beta cells and increases release of insulin
Why is soluble fiber good?
Forms a gel (making it functional fiber) which prevents reabsorprion of bile salts from the intestine/ return to the liver, lowering the serum LDL
GLUT2
Facilitated transporterdor brining monosaccharides into plasma down concentration gradient
Insulin synthesis
Comes from preproinsulin
Gets cleaves, C chain leaves. A and B held together by 2 thiols, thiol between chain A also
Insulin effect on K
Increases uptake of K via Na/K ATPase
Why does lactose intolerance lead to bad things?
Undigested lactose —> colon —> fermented to SCFA with gases —> water enters colon to reduce osmotic pressure —> diarrhea
glygogenin
in the absence of a preexisting glycogen polumer, will accept glucose from UDP-glucose
how does insulin relate to GSY?
insulin prevents GSY phosphorylation and increases dephosphorylation by activating protein phosphatase 1, and increasing GLUT4 membrane receptor levels
Enzyme that catalyses pyruvate to lactate
Lactate dehydrogenase
Insulin binding
Activates tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates intracellular proteins
Metabolic signal to GLUT4 and growth signal
Disaccharides are broken down (digested) by
Brush border enzymes located on microvilli of small intestine
ChREBP
Carbohydrate response element binding protein
Synergizes with SREBP1 for regulation of insulin gene expression
Phosphoglucase
Glucose-6-phosphate —> fructose-6-phosphate
phosophoglucomutase
glucose-6-P –> glucose-1-P
Glucagon binding
Binds to GPCR which activates cAMP which activates PKA (a ser/thr kinase)
what types of linkages does glycogen have?
alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6
What effects does fiber have on the body?
- Hormonal effects
- Intrinsic effects
- Colonic effects
Decrease body weight
Pyruvate carboxylase
Pyruvate to OAA
What is the function of the Malate aspartate shuttle?
Get OAA out of the mitochondria to generate NAD outside the mito; gets converted into aspartate and then back to OAA then malate
where does glycogen synthesis occur?
mostly in the liver but also in the muscle
in the liver - prevents hypoglycemai
in the muscle - provides energy for muscle contraction
GLUT1
High in RBC/BVs
Glucose uptAke by skeletal muscle and fat
