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Comm 306 > Exam 1 (Unit II) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Unit II) Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Define political

A

reflects the unavoidable conflicts that are inherent in human relations

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2
Q

Define Politics

A

Encompasses the practices, discourses, and institutions in and through which we seek to address conflicts and establish order

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3
Q

Define Ideology

A 
System of ideas of a given class of people
- incorporates the dominant ideas, values, rituals, and histories of a group
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4
Q

Sport and Language of politics and war

A
  • Grounded in set of values that make teamwork, unity, and respect for authority central to success
  • Emphasis on team
  • Cultivates heroic mythologies
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5
Q

What did Brummett study?

A

The characteristic of critical studies

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6
Q

Define attitude

A

Refuse to take things at face value

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7
Q

Define Method

A

Ask about meanings, qualitative methods

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8
Q

Define politics as defined in lecture

A

The set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups or other forms of power relations between individuals such as the distribution os resources or status

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9
Q

Define hegemony

A

The political, economic, or military predominance or control of one group over others
- not just by force but by culture

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10
Q

Example of sport as a political resource (positive)

A
  • Nixon and China– “ping pong diplomacy”

- 2018 Pyeong Chang Olympics, North and South Korea

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11
Q

Example of sport as a political resource (negative)

A
  • Boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow

- Nazi Germany, 1936 Berlin Olympics

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12
Q

Athletes and Activism examples

A
  • Muhammad Ali– ant-war

- Colin Kaepernick– kneel

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13
Q

Athletes who have become politicians

A
  • Jack Kemp

- George Weah (President of Liberia)

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14
Q

Hartman (2016) on Sports protests

A

Sports protests may not change anyone’s mind or political position but can force people who are/ were not otherwise interested in such issues to look up from their lives to the social issues around them

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15
Q

Hargreaves (1994) three time frames for women in sport

A
  • 1896-1928: overwhelming exclusion and dismissal of any combination of women and sport
  • 1928-1952: Primarily feminine-appropriate sport received relatively meager form of societal attention
  • 1952-present: women’s sports have been able to conquer traditional power structures while challenging long-held stereotypes about women’s athleticism
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16
Q

Define Title IX

A

Gender equality laws

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17
Q

How can high school/college athletic programs be in compliance with TItle IX?

A

If they follow at least one of the following:

  • Athletic opportunities proportionate to student enrollment
  • Athletic opportunities are continually expanded for the underrepresented sex
  • Athletic interests of the underrepresented sex are fully satisfied
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18
Q

The Battle of the sexes

A

Bobby Riggs vs. Billie Jean King– 1973 Tennis exhibiytion

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19
Q

Hegemonic Masculinity in sport

A

Trujillo (1991)– hegemonic masculinity refers to the social ascendancy of a particular version or model of masculinity that operating on the terrain of common sense and conventionality defines what it means to be a man

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20
Q

Trujillo five features of hegemonic masculinity

A
  • Physical force and control
  • Occupational achievement
  • Patriarchy
  • Romantic Frointiersman or outdoorsman
  • Heterosexuality
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21
Q

Gender coverage in sport

A
  • Women’s sport covergae is at an all time low

- Women consume less sort material than men– leisure choice

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22
Q

Gender Language in sport

A
  • Naming practices
  • Gender Marking
  • Sexual disparagement
  • Categorical differences in gendered media dialogue
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23
Q

Five trends leading to more opportunities for women in sport

A
  • Active female consumer
  • Females as spectators of men and women’s sports
  • Males and females as spectators of women’s sports
  • Women’s sports being accepted by the sports media
  • Corporations using sports to sell women
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24
Q

Define sex

A

sex is mostly biological/scientific status (Male and female)

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25
Define gender
- based on social norms/expectations - man and woman (can be 58 gender options) - Influenced by culture - Is performed not automatic
26
Define sexuality
- Attraction (feelings) - Behavior (actions) - Heterosexual., bisexual, homosexual
27
Define Inequity
Injustice or unfairness
28
Define inequality
an imbalance
29
Define Hegemony/hegemonic
A view of power that emphasizes how dominant, sautés quo systems or norms are established through discourse and cultural means
30
Women in the sport industry
Vickery and Everbach (2018): - Woman sports journalists are minorities in sports media - Second-class citizens and outsiders - Criticism to men is because of their opinion and women because of their gender
31
Sexism
- Receive harrasment and demeaning treatment because of gender
32
Gender inequality in sport
- Women in leaderhsip (33% of managerial positions in WNBA | - Female fans -- puck bunnies, inauthentic fans, only like sexually attractive players
33
Cis
same
34
Trans
these two differ
35
Define Race
Socially constructed believed to be tied to body/physical
36
Define Ethnicity
Cultural heritage, family background, at collective level
37
How is race/ethnicity performed?
Dress, style, music, body, non-verbal
38
Define whiteness
The assumption that race is non-white people that white is a default/automatic category or natural
39
Define colorism
Bias toward the nonwhite communities toward the lighter skin, especially with women/beauty standards
40
History of Race/ethnicity in the US
- white and black dynamic - 18th and 19th centuries highly separated - 20th century breaking of color barriers Example: Jack Johnson, Jesse Owens, Jackie Robinson
41
Big Four Leagues
- 1946: NFL Kenny Washington - 1947: MLB Jackie Robinson - 1950: NBA Nathaniel Clifton - 1981: NHL Val James
42
Define sport selection
How certain sports end up with majority one race and how we explain this
43
Stacking
How coaches/scouts steer certain bodies toward certain positions
44
Scripts
How racialized assumptions show up on sport media
45
Media Framing (Goffman)
How the media packages and presents information to the public - exercise a selective influence over how people process information and view reality
46
Cultivation Theory (Garber)
The long-term effects of television- The more time people spend watching tv the more likely they are to believe social reality aligns with reality portrayed on tv
47
What was Oates (2007) about?
- Players individually weighed and measured on stage before NFL scouts and representatives - The draft reasserts white male power structure
48
Define Intersectionality
social theory suggests we each fit into multiple identity variables and that these variables work in groups
49
Define Nation
An idealized symbol of collective identity
50
Anderson (1991) definition of a nation
A symbolic construct "an imagined community"
51
Define national identity
a person's identity or sense of belonging to one state or one nation
52
Define Nationality
a legal difference of a person in international law
53
Define nationalism
an idea and movement that promotes the interest of a particular nation, with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland
54
Similarity between pride and nationalism
Love, devotion, loyalty to one's country
55
Differenc between nationalism and patriotism
- Patriotism middle 17th century | - Nationalism just before 19th century
56
Define agenda setting
media's ability to tell us what to think about on one topic "higher media exposure, more salient"
57
Types of media exposure
- Clock time - Name mentioned - Media Dialogue - Descriptors
58
Define Globalization of power
the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale
59
Globalization when it comes to sport
- Threats to identity/ ideology - Russian ownership of Brooklyn Nets - US ownership of premier Soccer Leagues in Europe
60
One drop rule
If a person has any level of non-white heritage he or she is regarded as a minority
61
Naming practices
- Making team names feminine | - Addressing females by their first names and males by their last names
62
Gender marking
- Basketball vs. Women's basketball
63
Sexual disparagement
- Female athletes labeled as butch or lesbian | - Homophobia insport
64
Categorical differences in dialogues
Male: Powerful, conquering, best in the world, fearless, incredible Female: Talented, dedicated, the best woman in the world, emotional, nice

Comm 306 (3 decks)

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