Exam 2 (Unit III) Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
History of coach
A
Horse-drawn carriage
2
Q
How is coach a paradox?
A
Competing roles: win or teach
3
Q
Vince Lombardi quote
A
Winning isn’t everything it’s the only things and his less well-known amendment to it
4
Q
Types of parents (Kirk and MacPhail 2003)
A
Antagonists, non-attenders, spectators, helpers, committed member
5
Q
Define antagonists K and P
A
Required time and effort devoted to own children
6
Q
Define Spectators K and P
A
Attend but don’t help
7
Q
Define Non-attenders K and P
A
Never watch
8
Q
Define helpers K and P
A
Assist
9
Q
Define committed member K and P
A
Maintain contact, help manage the team
10
Q
Levels of communication (Turman, Zimmerman, and Dobesh 2009)
A
Spectators, Enthusiasts, Fanatics
11
Q
Define spectators T, Z, D
A
Low-level relationship– help but keep distance
12
Q
Define Enthusiasts T, Z, D
A
I know the game
13
Q
Define Fanatics T, Z, D
A
Even outside sport, use outside contexts to address coach
14
Q
Multidimensional Leadership Theory
A
A coach must understand:
- Membership characteristics (individual player)
- Situational characteristic s (team size, task)
- Required leader behavior
15
Q
Required leader behavior examples
A
- Youth sports more training/instruction
- Low-performance expectations? Positive feedback
- College/Pro, more autocratic with focus on performance
16
Q
What are the 5 dimensions of strategies
A
Autocratic, Democratic, Social support, positive feedback, training, and instruction
17
Q
Define Autocratic
A
Authority, order
18
Q
Define Democratic
A
The player involved in decision making
19
Q
Define social support
A
Encouragement, caring
20
Q
Define positive feedback
A
Keep up the good work
21
Q
Define Training and Instruction
A
The feedback that focuses on the development
22
Q
Positive coaching cranmer 2016
A
Athletes positively remember coach communication that fits esteem support and emotional support
23
Q
Define esteem support
A
ability to maintain a team relationship
24
Q
Define emotional support
A
Wellbeing, effort, personalities, an interaction that assists performance
25
Jowett's four constructs
Closeness (bond, respect)
Commitment (long-term investment)
Complementarity (cooperation, affiliation)
Co-orientation (duality of role)
26
define co-orientation
relate positive coaching to uncertainty reduction theory
27
Turman 2005 what are the types of regret messages
Accountability, individual performance, collective failure, social significance, regret reduction, future regret
28
Similarities between coaching a team vs individuals
- recognize their motivations
- celebrate small wins
- build healthy relationships
29
Differences between coaching a team vs individuals
- harmony vs technical role
- set clear team goals vs understand the individuals goal
- manage players personalities vs be sensitive to the individual's personality
- Failure is shared vs failure is owned
30
Family socialization model (Mead 1934)
Learning occurs through athletes exposure to the sport and the reinforcement that is received from others while engaged in those sport activities
31
Parental benefits to enrolling children in sports
Learning life skills, engagement with other children, health promotion, sense of community with other parents
32
Dorsch, smith, mcdonough 4 major parental changes to child participation in sport
a change in parent behavior, cognition, affect, relationships
33
Athlete motives to participate in sport
Affiliation, achievement, an avenue for expending energy/aggression, power, and independence
34
Parental challenges to sport participation
expenses and time commitment
35
Child challenges
finding a balance between being a child and an adult, detracts from academic commitments, intensity
36
Define Parental facilitation
paying fees, purchasing equipment, providing transportation, attending games
37
Define Parental support
behaviors or comments that athletes perceive to foster athletic participation
38
Define effort
encouraging athletes to try their best or never give up
39
Two kinds of identity
personal and social identity
40
Define identity
that part of an individual's self concept derives from his knowledge of his membership of a social group together with the value and emotional significance attached to that membership
41
5 elements of group communication
- goals, members, interaction, interdependence, working
42
4 types of barriers in group communication
Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination
43
Define ethnocentrism
Mistaken belief that your culture is superior to others
44
What must small sports team groups have?
Cohesion, interaction, leadership, and power
45
What are the types of sports groups?
Independent and interdependent teams
46
Define cohesion
A sense of belonging to a group, a we-ness
47
What two things should a coach avoid?
Inequity treatment and embarrassment
48
What 5 things should a coach adopt?
- Sarcasm/teasing
- Motivational speeches
- Quality opponent
- Athlete- directed techniques
- Team prayer
49
Define sport loafing
The tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group
50
Dewey 6 step decision-making process
- Identify a problem
- Gather info and evaluate
- Generate proposals
- Keep an eye on objectives
- Assess positive/negative consequences
- Come to a consensus
51
Key symptoms of groupthink
- Illusion of invulnerability
- Illusion of consensus
- Stereotype of "enemies"
- Pressure
52
Define group norms
Standards for how group members behave in a team
53
Types of norms in sports teams/groups
Competitive, practice, off-season, social
54
Gender and team sport quote
game socialized children into understanding how, when, and why to talk
55
Difference between girl and boy sport
Boys: larger groups, the wider age range of participants, competitive
Girls: indoors, games last a shorter time than boy's games, girl's play in more male games than vice versa
56
Masculine communication culture
Achieve goals, emphasize status/authority, establish power
57
Feminine communication culture
connection inclusion, support, cooperate, establish rules
58
Define relational communication
How communication practices/behaviors shape our relationships
59
Relational communication in sport
- Parent-children
- Coach- athlete
- Teammates
- Fans
60
4 major relational comm theories
Relational Dialectics Theory, Uncertainty reduction theory, Face theory, social penetration theory
61
Relational dialectic theory (Baxter and Montgomery)
discourse between people who hold different views but wishing to establish truth through argumentation
62
Define Dialectic
contradiction between ideas
63
The central idea of the relational dialectic theory
all communication is rife with the tension-filled struggle of competing discourses
64
Three major tensions
- Integration
- Certainty
- Expression
65
Dialectic of integration
Autonomy vs connection
| - need independence vs need connection
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Dialectic of certainty
Novelty vs predictability
| Exciting vs stable
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Dialectic of expression
Openness vs closedness
68
How to manage dialectical tensions
Selection, separation, neutralization, reframing
69
Define selection
value one side over another
70
Define Separation
favor each side at different times
71
Define neutralization
avoid fully engaging either side of the tension
72
Define reframing
talk about the tensions so they seem complementary rather than contradictory
73
Uncertainty reduction theory (Berger and calabrese)
Inability to predict or explain other's attitudes or behaviors
74
Comm strategies to overcome uncertainty
- passive observation
- Active: ask third parties
- Interactive: direct contact between the seeker and target
75
Low context cultures
more explicit, verbal
76
High context cultures
more implicit, nonverbal
77
Face theory
politeness theory
78
Define face
one's self-image in the presence of others; similar to feelings of respect, honor, etc
79
What are the two types of faces
Positive and negative
80
Positive face
the favorable image hoped to be liked by others
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Negative face
reflects one's desire to do what they want or say
82
Define Face-threatening acts
behaviors that threaten either positive or negative face desires
83
Four strategies to consider FTAs
- Bald on-record
- Positive politeness
- Negative politeness
- Going off-record
84
Define bald-on record
care more about task and less about saving face
85
Define positive politeness
Address the receivers' positive face while accomplishing the task
86
Define negative politeness
Address the receivers' negative face while accomplishing the task
87
Define Going off-record
Care more about saving face and less about the task
88
Define facework
how to manage face
89
Types of facework
Preventative, Restorative, Related to hierarchy/power
90
Define preventative facework
avoid or minimize potential face threat
"I know you're busy but..."
91
Define Restorative facework
Repair a damaged face, use apology, humor, etc
92
Define Related to hierarchy/power facework
parent vs children, coach vs player
93
Social Penetration Theory (Altman and Taylor)
Relationships become more intimate over time as partners disclose more of themselves
Relationship develops, self-disclosure increases
94
6 dimensions of self-disclosure
Depth and Breadth
Frequency and duration
Valence and veracity
95
SPT stages
- Orientation
- Exploratory
- Effective Exchange
- Stable stage
- De-penetration stage (optional)
96
Why encourage sport participation?
Socialization purposes
Teamwork
Leadership
Physical health
97
Why encourage sport participation for parents?
Sense of achievement
Finish the unfinished dream
Live vicariously through child
98
Game culture
children are in charge
99
SPort culture
organized by adults
100
Pros and cons of sport culture
Pro: more organized more guidance
COns: adult models: more competitiveness, pressure, forced to specialize in a sport at an early age
101
Define socialization
society's ability to transfer norms, practices, routines, traditions and general knowledge to its next generation
102
PArental involvement in sports
Facilitation and control
103
parental influence in sports
support and pressure
104
FOur themes of sport talk
playing time, sport politics, negative coaching behavior, and sport competitiveness
105
Sex difference in parental influence
MAle athletes get more pressure from their father, female athletes no differences
106
DEfine hazing
any activity expected of someone in joining or participating in a group that humiliates, degrades, abuses or endangers them regardless of a persons willingness to participate
107
Sports hazing incidents
Alfred university study 80% college athletes hazed, ESPN list
108
Dark side of groups
Hazing rituals
109
Why is hazing hard to curb?
- believe its an important team-building experience
- enhance cohesion
- recurring cycle of hazing when rookies become veterans
110
How do individuals justify hazing
- displaced responsibility
- attribution of blame
- diffusion of responsibility
111
similarities and differences between bullying and hazing
similarity: power imbalance, mental/physical abuse
difference: inclusion vs exclusion, function as a team vs act alone or as a clique
112
Unacceptable hazing behaviors
Passive victim of abuse, coerced self-abuse, coerced abuse of others
113
Acceptable hazing behaviors
skill development and assessment, coerced deviant behaviors, team socialization, required positive behavior
114
Define homohysteric
the fear of being thought homosexual
115
Hazzing activities
- Physical acts of violence
- antisocial behavior
- excessive alcohol consumption
- same-sex sexual activities
116
Leadership styles
formal (named/official), informal (unofficial but established person)
117
Five types of power
coercive (through force/pressure), reward (praise/incentives), legitimate,(formal leadership) referent (based on popularity), expert (based on knowledge)
118
Define sport identification
the personal commitment and emotional involvement individuals have with a sports object
119
Define team identification
emotional connection with a sport team, sense of belonging
120
Player identification
sense of belonging to a player
121
Differences between identifying with a player vs a team
team identification is relatively stable over time
Influence marketing strategies
Different motives
Different attitudes in a crisis
122
Causes of sport identification
- psychological causes
- environment causes
- team-related causes
123
consequences of sport identification
- affective response
- behavioral response
- psychological response
124
Define affective response
happy/sad intense emotion
125
define behavioral response
spend time money, behave aggressively
126
Define psychological response
team performance and self-esteem
127
BIRGing
basking in reflected glory "we won"
128
CORFing
cutting off reflected failure "they lost"
129
Define Fanship
Identifies with an interest in something, connection with sports itself
130
Define Fandom
Refers to a person's identification with others who share similar interests with them
131
Sport fan types
spectator
social
focused
vested
132
Fan motives social media
passion, hope (pre-season), esteem, camaraderie
133
How do fans consume sports?
Game attendance, merchandise purchasing, media consumption, watching socially, participating in fantasy sport , gambling
134
Dietz Uhler et al.
76 undergraduate study-- males have higher levels of sport identification than females
Male motives: knowledge, play sports themselves
Females: social connection
135
James and Ridinger 2002
males got higher score in achievement aesthetis and knowledge than females
136
Geographical locality influence
categorize fans based on locality
137
Geographic fan motivation
local fans: higher family score
Non-local fan: lower physical appearance score
Distant fan: social interaction, achievement
138
Geographic fan behavior
local fan: game attendance, gamble
non-local fan: fan licensed merch
distant fan: social media consumption
139
Media effects on fans and sport relationships
Traditional ways:
attendance
print media
TV
New technologies:
mediated fandom: online community
advanced global influence
change the relationships between athletes, fans, journalists, sport organizations
140
What relationships does new media effects change?
athletes and fans (parasocial (two sides))
athletes and journalists (passive, active, self-representation)
sport organizations and fans (easier to keep track of consumer needs)
141
recliner reporting
growing number of blogs
142
social fan
interest driven by connection with others
143
focused fan
moderate investment in a particular team sport or community who spend a considerable time following outcomes
144
vested fan
sports fans with significant emotional attachment to the success or failure of the teams or sports they support
145
in-group favoritism
preferential treatment given to members simply due to their association w the team
146
out-group derogation
assigning positive traits to group members and undesirable traits to individuals in the out group
