Exam 1 Vocab

Question 1

Experiment

Answer 1

A test of a hypothesis, in which variables are controlled or observe

Question 2

Definition of Variable

Answer 2

Anything in an experiment which may impact the outcome

Question 3

Definition of Fact

Answer 3

close agreement by competent observers who make a series of observations about the same phenomenon

Question 4

Definition of Hypothesis

Answer 4

An educated guess that is only presumed to be factual until supported by an experiment

Question 5

Definition of Theory

Answer 5

A well-supported explanation of many verified hypothesis, which can be used to predict future outcomes

Question 6

Definition of Law

Answer 6

A statement which is supported by numerous theories and experiments showing how a phenomenon behaves

Question 7

What is the scope of science?

Answer 7

Can only describe the physical world; religion and science do overlap

Question 8

Definition of Materialism

Answer 8

everything that exists can be described by material causes (matter and energy) -> gives no basis for human thought

Question 9

Definition of Positivism

Answer 9

continuous elevation of humanity by secular means -> misses our sin nature

Question 10

3 key components of measurements

Answer 10

1. value/number
2. Unit
3. Object (thing being measured)

Question 11

Definition of Accuracy

Answer 11

the closeness of a measurement to the true value

Question 12

Definition of Precision

Answer 12

the degree of repeatability in a measurement (good or poor)

Question 13

Definition of Systematic Error

Answer 13

consistently cause incorrect measurement in the same way

Question 14

Definition of Random Error

Answer 14

error that occurs by chance

Question 15

Definition of Inertia

Answer 15

the tendency of an object to resist changes to its motion

Question 16

Aristotle’s 2 wrong conclusions

Answer 16

1. objects must be continually acted on with a force
2. objects will fall at a rate proportional to their weight

Question 17

Definition of Mass (and relationship to inertia)

Answer 17

amount of matter in an object;
more mass, more inertia

Question 18

Definition of Volume

Answer 18

amount of space an object takes up

Question 19

Definition of Weight (relationship to mass)

Answer 19

the force experienced by an object due to gravity; directly proportional

Question 20

Definition of Net Force

Answer 20

sum of all the forces

Question 21

3 types of equilibrium

Answer 21

1. Mechanical: all forces equal 0
2. Dynamic: in motion (constant speed and direction)
3. Static: no motion

Question 22

Definition of Support Force

Answer 22

The force pushing up against gravity

Question 23

Definition of Velocity

Answer 23

speed and direction

Question 24

Definition of Acceleration

Answer 24

change in velocity over time

Question 25

Newton's 1st Law of Motion

Answer 25

Inertia: every object continues in rest or motion unless acted on by a nonzero force

Question 26

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion

Answer 26

3 parts: 1. object moves how you push it 2. Acceleration is directly proportional to net force 2. Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass

Question 27

Newton's 3rd Law of Motion

Answer 27

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Question 28

Definition of terminal velocity

Answer 28

when air resistance is equal to gravity; faster for smaller, heavier objects

Question 29

___ increases as velocity increases

Answer 29

air resistance increases as velocity increases

Question 30

What is a system?

Answer 30

The set of objects which we are investigating

Question 31

Definition of Momentum

Answer 31

mass and velocity

Question 32

Definition of Impulse

Answer 32

force to be applied over time

Question 33

What are the two types of collisions?

Answer 33

Elastic: no lasting deformation or generating of heat Inelastic: involves permanent deformation ad/or heat generation (Total- they stick together)

Question 34

Definition of Work

Answer 34

product of force and distance over which it is applied

Question 35

What is power?

Answer 35

work over time

Question 36

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Answer 36

energy cannot be created nor destroyed; only changes form

Question 37

What is the work-energy theorem?

Answer 37

Work on an object is equal to change in kinetic energy