Exam 2 Vocab

Question 1

What is the Universal Law of Gravity?

Answer 1

A body attracts another body with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and indirectly proportional to square the distance separating them

Question 2

What is projectile motion?

Answer 2

A split curve path that is composed of horizontal and vertical motion

Question 3

What is the acceleration of a satellite with a circular motion?

Answer 3

0, speed doesn’t change

Question 4

What happens to speed, acceleration, force of gravity with elliptical orbit?

Answer 4

Speed decreases as you get farther away, and force of gravity increases its speed as it comes in

Question 5

What is escape speed?

Answer 5

What an object has insufficient speed to remain in orbit, crash back to earth

Question 6

What is buoyancy?

Answer 6

The force of the weight displaced

Question 7

density = ?

Answer 7

mass/volume

Question 8

When does an object float?

Answer 8

when the weight of the fluid displaced equals the weight of object

Question 9

How does an object’s apparent weight change when submerged?

Principle?

Answer 9

Because of the Archimedes’ Principle: “An immersed body is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.”

Question 10

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 10

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

Question 11

What is Charles Law?

Answer 11

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Question 12

What is Pascal’s principle?

Answer 12

Pressure in = pressure out

Question 13

What is Bernoulli’s principle?

Answer 13

As the speed of a fluid increases, internal pressure in the fluid decreases
A1V1 = A2V2

Question 14

What is thermal energy?

Answer 14

The translational kinetic energy within a substance

Question 15

What is translational kinetic energy?

Answer 15

atoms bumping into each other

Question 16

What is temperature?

Answer 16

measures the average thermal energy using some arbitrary scale

Question 17

What is heat?

Answer 17

The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another (Q)

Question 18

What is thermal equilibrium?

Answer 18

The transfer back and forth ceases because average is the same

Question 19

What are the big ideas of the laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 19

1. energy is neither created nor destroyed
2. heat will flow from hot to cold (entropy/order)
3. entropy (lack of order) is 0 at 0 Kelvin

Question 20

What is heat capacity?

Answer 20

The amount of heat needed to increase a unit of mass by 1 degree C (variable is c)

Question 21

What is thermal expansion?

Answer 21

Density and heat capacity change with temperature
- as temp goes up, density goes down
- most solids are more dense (except water)

Question 22

What is thermal conduction?

Answer 22

occurs through the collisions of particles (high to low energy)

Question 23

What is a conductor?

Answer 23

allows rapid transfer of heat

Question 24

What is an insulator?

Answer 24

transfers heat slowly

Question 25

What is convection?

Answer 25

occurs through the flow of a fluid due to temperature difference

Question 26

What is radiation?

Answer 26

the emission of energy in the form of light

Question 27

What is the greenhouse effect?

Answer 27

IR light gets trapped in greenhouse gas, keeping the earth from being too hot

Question 28

Solid --> gas Solid --> liquid Liquid --> gas Gas --> liquid Gas --> solid Liquid --> solid

Answer 28

Solid --> gas (Sublimation)(+) Solid --> liquid (Melting)(+) Liquid --> gas (evaporation)(+) Gas --> liquid (condensation)(-) Gas --> solid (deposition)(-) Liquid --> solid (freezing)(-)

Question 29

What is the heat of fusion?

Answer 29

The energy required for a substance to transition from solid to liquid

Question 30

What are waves?

Answer 30

traveling vibrations

Question 31

What is the amplitude? Wavelength? Frequency? Period?

Answer 31

Amplitude- Hight from crest Wavelength- length from crest to crest Frequency- # waves per second Period- time per wave

Question 32

Transverse vs. Longitudinal wave

Answer 32

Transverse: vibration is perpendicular to direction of wave (up & down)(waves) Longitudinal: compressions and expansions that are parallel to direction (sound)

Question 33

Types of interference

Answer 33

Interacting with each other: 1. constructive: amplifies 2. destructive: diminishes

Question 34

What is the Doppler Effect?

Answer 34

Ripple of frequency changes (like an egg) as an object moves

Question 35

What are harmonics?

Answer 35

whole # multiples of the fundamental; has nodes

Question 36

What is speed of light in a vacuum?

Answer 36

All types of electromagnetic radiation have same speed in vacuum (c= 3.00 x 10.00^8 m/s)

Question 37

Does speed of light in a medium vary based on frequency?

Answer 37

yes, as wavelength increases, frequency decreases

Question 38

Describe the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 38

low f, high wavelength IR, Visible [ROY G BIV], ultraviolet low wavelength,high f f and E are proportional

Question 39

Are radio waves and microwaves high or low energy? X-rays and gamma rays?

Answer 39

radio and microwave- low x-rays and gamma rays- high

Question 40

Transmission vs absorption vs reflection

Answer 40

Transmission: lets light pass (transparent) Absorption: takes in light Reflection: light in = light out

Question 41

What is refraction?

Answer 41

Bending/ altering of view of an object (fish under water)

Question 42

Relate refractive index to speed of light in a medium

Answer 42

speed of light = c/refractive index slower light, larger index, more bending medium changes speed

Question 43

Which wavelengths of light are refracted most, long or short?

Answer 43

Short

Question 44

What is diffuse reflection?

Answer 44

reflection from a rough surface, so it disperses light

Question 45

What is dispersion?

Answer 45

separation of different frequencies of light causes different colors - shorter wavelength of light tends to be slowed down more by a medium

Question 46

Describe importance of Ozone layer

Answer 46

Acts as a protective layer against UV light (toxic)