Exam 1 week 1 Flashcards
first section of exam 1 study guide for psych 211 (33 cards)
What are the three major domains of psychology?
Cognition
Behavior
Emotion
what is the basic definition of leaning as used in this class?
a hypothetical process which produces a relativelt permanent change in behavior, cognition, or emotion as a result of experience
how is a stimulus defined?
energy that contacts a sensory organ and produces a physiological or behavioral reaction in an organism
what is the difference between a stimulus and a response?
Stimulus: energy that contacts sensory organ
Response: an organism reaction
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation: physical energy acting on a sense organ
Perception: interpretation (meaning) of sensory input
What are the major sensory receptors?
Hear Smell Taste Feel See
What is the difference between the distal, proximal, and perceived stimulus?
DISTAL: a stimulus that is in the external environment, the contact
PROXIMAL: close or direct proximity to contact
PERCIEVED: your thought process because triggered by a memory.
Why doesn’t perception accurately reflect the real-world stimulus environment?
Stimulus is filtering, has selective perception, has illusions, and hallucinations
How does expectation and hypnosis alter our perception of pain?
When under hypnosis, we are in a mesmerizing state where we can alter our thought process. Therefore things can be little to no pain when under hypnosis, while things can be very painful because we are expecting them to be.
Name the five perceptual systems. What is the function of each of these systems?
Haptic: exploring (recognizing through touch)
Auditory: hearing things and also where they come from
Savory: taste and smell
Visual: see colors. Detect motion
Orientation: inner ear, allow you to orient yourself in space if you are spinning
How does the brain cope with vast amounts of incomplete and confusing sensory information?
the brain filters everything
What are the major differences between the behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning?
Behavioral: What we do:
-association between stimuli and responses study observable behavior
-study observable behavior
-Radical: ignore conscious experience and internal processes
-Methodological: infer internal events from behavior (dreams)
Cognitive:What we know
-mind versus brain
-mental processes: conscious and unconscious internal operations
Natural selection
organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
sensitization
state of being sensitive
reflex
an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought.
voluntary response
Mediated by the somatic nervouse system
- bodily orientation
- approach responses
- avoidance responses
- cooperation behavior
Sensory receptors (touch, pain, vision)
sense organ: an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation
Peripheral
situated on the edge of something
Selective attention
the capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously.
Autonomic nervous system
the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. (involuntary) PNS
Central nervous system
the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord.
Sympathetic nervous system
PNS–Autonomic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels (stress)
Somatic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and with reception of external stimuli, which helps keep the body in touch with its surroundings (voluntary)
Parasympathetic nervous system
PNS–AUtonomic:
stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels (peace)
