Exam 2 week 1

Question 1

operant behavior

Answer 1

learned behavior

Question 2

reflexive behavior

Answer 2

natural behavior

Question 3

trial nad error/success

Answer 3

thorndikes puzzle box/skinners operant chamber/ tolmans maze

Question 4

Law of effect

Answer 4

actions that lead to a satisfying state of affairs are strngthend, actions thatlead to a dissatisfying state of affiars are weakend (similar to operant conditiong)

Question 5

Positive reinforcement

Answer 5

the presense of a stimulus incresase the liklihood of the preceding response. (reward) (stimulation of “pleasure center” in the Brain)

Question 6

Negative reinforcement

Answer 6

the removal of a stimulus increases the likelihood of the preceding response (remove hand from hot stove)

Question 7

primary reinforcer

Answer 7

naturally or innately reinforcing stimuli

Question 8

secondary (conditioned) reinforcer

Answer 8

reinforcer that are dependent on their associations with other reinforcers

Question 9

generalized reinforcer

Answer 9

secondary reinforcers that have been paired with a wide variety of primary reinforcers (money, praise)

Question 10

superstitious behavior

Answer 10

actions that have been accidently reinforced and tend to persist even afer the reinforcement has ceased.

Question 11

successive approximation (shapping)

Answer 11

a procedure that requires the delivery of a reinforcer for behaviors that come close (approximate) the target bahavior and are then withheld and gradually reintroduced as the behavior gets closer and closer to the desired form.

Question 12

chaining

Answer 12

performing behaviors in a sequence

Question 13

acquisition

Answer 13

gradual increase in responding when reinforcing stimulus follows the behavior (toilet training,

Question 14

extinction

Answer 14

reduced responding whent he reinforcing stimulus is removed (ignore bedtime tantrums)

Question 15

spontaneous recovery

Answer 15

return of the extinguished bahvior following an interruption

Question 16

resurgence

Answer 16

return of a behavior folloing the extinvtion of another behavior (extinction of daycare tantrums produces return to bedtime tantrums

Question 17

primary drives

Answer 17

hunger and thirst a motivational force

Question 18

secondary drives

Answer 18

success popularity a motivational force

Question 19

escape conditioning

Answer 19

escape an unpleasant event

Question 20

avoidance conditioning

Answer 20

response to a signal that prevents aversive event