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LM > Exam 1 WK2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 WK2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are ethics?

A

Not right or wrong (better or worse)
What is the best for the pt
the distinction of right from wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge, not just on the basis of opinions
道徳が個人や家族などの小集団に用いられることが多いのに対し、倫理は個々人の関係から社会に至るまでより広範に用いられることが多いようです。 そのため、道徳は日常生活における行動の基準にはなっても、医療現場における治療の方向性などの判断基準にはなり得ないことが多いと言われています。

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2
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Focused on the Greater Good Consequences
Bad side:justice and individual rights
Has ovisous litmitation

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3
Q

a) Moral indifference
b) Moral uncertainty/conflict
c) Moral outrage

A

a) one questions if morality is necessary
b) one is unsure which ethical principle applies or what is the actual moral question
c) one witnesses an immoral act but is powerless to stop

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4
Q

Moral distress

A

one knows the right action but is prevented from doing so (covid)
Nurse unable to provide what’s to be best for the pt

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5
Q

What are issues with moral distress?

A

overly aggressive medical treatment (not to be in the patient’s best interes)
Lack of respect for patient wishes by physicians.
Fear of physician backlash
End of life issues

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6
Q

Nurse Manager must maintain?

A

situational awareness
Moral Distress Leader Considerations
Advocate for the nursing staff along with patient safety

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7
Q

a) Moral Residue?
b) Possible consequences of moral distress and moral residue?

A

a) lingering feelings that exist after a morally distressing situation has passed.(挫折感?)
b) Leave the position/profession, change positons frequently
Emotional suffering leading to poor nursing care
Negative affect on quality patient care and patient safety

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8
Q

What are ethical dilemmas?

A

no correct” decision
Conflict between 2 or more ethical principles
Problems when more than one choice can be made

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9
Q

A problem is an ethical dilemma if?

A
  • It cannot be solved solely by a review of scientific data.
  • It involves a conflict between two moral imperatives.
  • The answer will have profound effect on the situation/client
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10
Q

a) Autonomy
b) beneficence

A

a) The ability of the pt to make personal decisions
b) doing good to others
care that is the best intrest of the pt

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11
Q

a) Non-maleficence?
b) how to avoid?

A

a) Do no harm/Don’t do BAD
b) stop medication
refusing privide a treatment
notifying provider
Environmental safety
keep education
Dressing professionally, with name badge clearly visible.
Striving to improve patient satisfaction.

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12
Q

a) Justice
b) Veracity
c) Fidelity

A

a) fairness, treating people equally
b) truth
c) Keeping one’s promise

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13
Q

Paternalism?

A

Allowing a person to make a decision for another
Mandatory flu vaccine
Not giving “bad” information about a terminal diagnosis

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14
Q

Is the highest ethical principle, and acknowledges the inherent, intrinsic and unconditional worth of others

A

Respect for others

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15
Q

a) Confidentiality?
b) expectation?

A

a) Privacy
b) Reporting employee drug abuse
Reporting elderly/child abuse

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16
Q

Patient Advocacy

A

Patient Rights
Outlines the rights of patients in the health care setting
o Informs patients what to expect during hospital stay

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17
Q

A younger pt who scheduled for surgery but he refused write Advance directives and state because he is too young to worry about it, what nurse should do with advocate with this pt?

A

contact a ot representative to talk with him and offer aditional info about the purpose of advance directives

Advacate for this pt by ensureing that the pt understands the pourpose and seeing the more info so that this pt can take aoorioriate action

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18
Q

What are advocacy and which are not SATA
a) verifying that a ot understand what is done during a cardiac cath
b) Discussing treatment options for a terminal diagnosis
c) Informing members of the team that a pt had DNR
d) Reporting that a previous nurse didnt pricude care as prescribed
e) Assisiting a pt to make a decision

A

a,c,d
b this is not nurse’s scope of practice
e,nurse should support their own decision

19
Q

What are the steps in ethical decision-making?

A

ASSESS
Identify whether the issue is an ethical dilemma
right?fairness?integtity(honesty)?
WHo has been hurt?
WHo could be hurt?
DIAGNOSIS
State the ethical dilemma, including all surrounding issues and individuals involved.
How did it happen in the first place?
What could have prevetted it?

20
Q

What are the steps in ethical decision-making?
Planning

A

Analyse options
Limit 2-3 most manageble
WHat are the likely outcomes of each?
What are the likely costs?
Choice
What is intention in makeing thisdecision?
How does it compare with the probable reslts?

21
Q

What are the steps in ethical decision-making?
Evaluation

A

Act& EVALUATE
Justify why one option was selected.
Apply this decision to the dilemma and evaluate the outcomes

22
Q

What is the leadership role in ethics?

A

Role model confidence in decision making
Speak out, do the right thing, turn principles into action
Situational awareness of staff, possible ethical concerns
Provide mutual support of staff

23
Q

What is ethical climate?

A

character of the organization
should be changed to improve work environment.

24
Q

Decision-making

A

Involves identifying and selecting a course of action from several alternatives
行動方針

25
Q

Critical thinking?

A

bility to question, examine,analyze and recognize assumptions, values and conclusions

26
Q

Reflective thinking

A

A form of critical thinking that reflects on experiences and learnings

27
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

being able to evaluate and control emotions myself and otheres

28
Q

Emotional intelligence require factors?

A

Self-awareness
Self-control
Awareness of otheres
Bulding relationship

29
Q

Intuition 直感

A

Innate feeling, “gut” feeling something is wrong
Not used solely in decision making

30
Q

Decision-making grid

A

based on point-value system; gives ratings that compare to help
make decision

31
Q

Decision Tree

A

Gives you step x step rules to guide your decision making

Ex: CPR, ALS, Heparin algorithm

32
Q

Program Evaluation & Review Technique

A

Gives a graphical timeline of a project – breaks a project into individual
tasks for project analysis
Important for picking a project + planning it accordingly – more
complex + detailed compared to GANTT

33
Q

GANTT Chart

A

More simplified compared to PERT + gives a better visual; tells us the

order that taste must be completed
Important for picking a project + planning it accordingly

34
Q

Group Decision-Making
a) prons
b) cons

A

a) More ideas and choices
increased diversity of views
b)Time consuming
Individual opinions influenced
by others

35
Q

Nominal group technique

A

Initially no discussion
1: Group members write out ideas
2: Then members present ideas on flip chart
3: Opportunity for discussion to clarify &evaluate ideas
4: Private voting on ideas

36
Q

Delphi method

A

Not meeting face to face
Questions are distributed to group
members then summarized
Process continues until group consensus is reached

37
Q

Communicating w/ superiors (上司)

A

Upward communication
(nurse manager to DON)
○ Observe professional courtesies + arrive on time
○ Dress professionally
○ State your concerns clearly, accurately, concisely + provide supporting evidence
○ Separate your needs from your desires
○ Listen objectively
○ State willingness to cooperate to find solution

38
Q

When communicating w/ coworkers

A

lateral communication
(surgicacl to med nurse)
○ Interact professionally
○ Avoid gossip/grapevine communication
○ Give adequate handoffs

39
Q

When communicating interprofessionally
(provider,other healthcare)

A

diagonal communication
Staff nurse to provider
○ Strive for collaboration + keep the discussion pt-goal centered
○ Present info in a straightforward manner by clearly delineating the problem + supporting the assertion w/ pt evidence
○ Remain calm + objective even if physician doesn’t cooperate
○ Follow institutions procedure for getting the pt treated + document actions taken

40
Q

When communicating w/ family members or pts

A

○ Avoid jargon - use words appropriate to the person’s level of understanding
○ Use interpreters prn
○ Use touch to communicate caring
○ Be open + honest
○ Recognize cultural differences

41
Q

JCNPSG
Patient safety goals

A
42
Q

JCNPSG
Specific goals for communication

A
43
Q
A

LM (14 decks)

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