Exam

Question 1

Silent mutation

Answer 1

No effect

Question 2

Missense mutation

Answer 2

Results in a dif amino acid

Question 3

Nonsense mutation

Answer 3

Results end a stop codon causing shorter strand

Question 4

4 characteristics of the genetic code

Answer 4

Redundant
Unambiguous
Nearly universal
Conservative

Question 5

Redundant

Answer 5

All but 2 amino acids are coded for by more than one codon

Question 6

Unambiguous

Answer 6

One codon codes one amino acid

Question 7

Nearly universal

Answer 7

“Mostly” the same codons code the same amino acids in all organisms

Question 8

Conservative

Answer 8

When multiple codons code for the same amino acid, the first two bases are usually the same

Question 9

A eukaryotic gene has all the following except: intons, terminator, operator, promoter

Answer 9

Eukaryotic genes do not have an operator

Question 10

How can one eukaryotic gene lead to one transcript but Multiple proteins

Answer 10

Alternative splicing

Question 11

(T/F) the lac operon in E.coli utilizes both positive and negative control

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The flounder effect

Answer 12

A large population gets separated and a new smaller population of the same species with different allele frequencies

Question 13

Order of fossil record starting with the oldest
- dinosaur
- trilobites
-human
- prokaryote

Answer 13

prokaryote
trilobites
dinosaur
Human

Question 14

Enzyme that creates mRNA from DNA

Answer 14

RNA polymerase

Question 15

Stages of bacterial transcription

Answer 15

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 16

Proteins required for prokaryotic transcription

Answer 16

Sigma
RNA polymerase

Question 17

Spliceosome

Answer 17

a large RNA-protein complex that catalyses the removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNA. (mRNA processing)

Question 18

Introns

Answer 18

Part of gene that doesn’t code

Question 19

Exons

Answer 19

Converted in mature mRNA

Question 20

Are introns and exons found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 20

No prokaryotes do not have introns

Question 21

Prokaryotic transcription and translation location

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Eukaryotic transcription location

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Eukaryotic translation location

Answer 23

Cytoplasm

Question 24

tracrRNA

Answer 24

Holds crRNA in protein

Question 25

What type(s) of bonds can be found in quaternary protein structure

Answer 25

Hydrogen bond Ionic & covalent

Question 26

There are 4 alleles on a gene, is the Mendelian genetics ?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

The epigenome

Answer 27

The chemical modifications (tags) on histones and dna

Question 28

where is crRNA transcribed from

Answer 28

spacer sequences in dna

Question 29

Crispr region

Answer 29

Previous fragments from viral infections

Question 30

citric acid cycle inputs

Answer 30

acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP, FAD

Question 31

citric cycle outputs

Answer 31

Co2 + CoA, NADH, FADH, ATP

Question 32

citric acid cycle function

Answer 32

extract some energy, complete the breakdown of molecules originated from glucose

Question 33

glycolysis inputs

Answer 33

glucose, NAD+, ATP

Question 34

glycolysis outputs

Answer 34

pyruvate, ATP, NADH

Question 35

oxidative phosphorylation input

Answer 35

ADP, NADH, O2

Question 36

oxidative phosphorylation output

Answer 36

H20, ATP, NAD+

Question 37

glycolysis location

Answer 37

cytosol/cytoplasm

Question 38

Acetyl Coa formation/Citric acid cycle location

Answer 38

mitochondrial matrix

Question 39

oxidative phosphorylation location

Answer 39

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 40

anaerobic conditions

Answer 40

a lack of oxygen ; stops the conversion of pyruvate acetyl CoA

Question 41

Calvin cycle inputs

Answer 41

ATP, NADPH, CO2

Question 42

Calvin cycle outputs

Answer 42

ADP + Pi, NADP+ H

Question 43

pigment

Answer 43

light capturing molecule (ex. chlorophyll)

Question 44

thylakoid

Answer 44

little compartments of pigment (neatly stacked into granums)

Question 45

Which statement correctly describes how cellular DNA content and ploidy levels change during meiosis I and meiosis II?

Answer 45

DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II.

Question 46

If a cell has a higher concentration of salt (NaCl) outside the cell than inside

Answer 46

water moves out of the cell