Exam Flashcards
0
Q
Anatomy is the study of the ________ of the body
A
Structure
1
Q
List the levels of organization in order from least complex to the most complex
A
Chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
2
Q
Physiology is the study of the ________ of the body
A
Function
3
Q
Produces sex cells and supports embryonic development
A
Female reproductive
4
Q
Deliver air to sites where gas exchange can occur
A
Respiratory
5
Q
Allows for locomotion, provides support, and produces heat
A
Muscular
6
Q
Protects against environmental hazards and controls temperature
A
Integumentary
7
Q
Provides support, protects tissues and organs, stores minerals, forms blood cells
A
Skeletal
8
Q
Produce sex cells, and hormones including testosterone
A
Male reproductive
9
Q
Processes food and absorbs nutrients
A
Digestive
10
Q
Eliminates wastes, excess water, and salts
A
Urinary
11
Q
Directs immediate responses to stimuli
A
Nervous
12
Q
Transports blood cells and dissolved minerals, including wastes and gases
A
Cardiovascular
13
Q
Defends against infection and disease
A
Lymphatic
14
Q
Directs long term changes in activities of other organs, produces hormones
A
Endocrine
15
Q
In which body cavity encases the lungs and the heart
A
Thoracic
16
Q
The process by which an organism increases in size and or number of cells
A
Growth
17
Q
Pericardium refers to an area that includes the
A
Heart
18
Q
Histology is the study of
A
Tissues
19
Q
When an individual is laying face down he/she is said to be
A
Prone
20
Q
Pathology studies the effect of _________ on the body
A
Disease
21
Q
The prefix homeo refers to
A
Unchanging
22
Q
When your dog barks at a stranger that is
A
Responsiveness
23
Q
The lungs are apart of which system
A
Respiratory
24
The spleen is apart of which system
Lymphatic
25
The chemical breakdown of glucose
Physiology
26
The 4 lobes of the lungs
Anatomy
27
The atomic number represents the number of
Protons
28
The 3 subatomic particles in the atom are
Protons,neutrons,and electrons
29
A chemical _______ is a substance that consists entirely of atoms with the same atomic number
Element
30
The smallest unit of matter whose identities can't be altered by chemical change are
Atoms
31
Ions with a positive charge are called
Cations
32
In which electron shell does binding occur
Valence
33
In order for an atom to be balanced it must fulfill the _______ rule
Octet
34
Oxygen has _________ electrons in its outer shell and carries a _______ charge
6,2+
35
The attraction of cations to anions can lead to the formation of a
Ionic
36
The symbol Na+ refers to
1 sodium has lost an electron
37
The symbol 2H means
2 atoms of H
38
A decomposition reaction is one in which
1 molecule is broken into smaller components
39
Which of the following is a synthesis reaction
A+B=AB
40
Special proteins called enzymes
Speed up reactions that support life
41
Exergonic reactions are responsible for
Generating heat that maintains your body temperature
42
Organic compounds differ from inorganic compounds because organic contain ________ and ________ atoms
Carbon and hydrogen
43
Which of the following statements about water is not true
Water has a low heat capacity
44
The most important inorganic compound found in your body is
Water
45
A homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute is called a
Solution
46
A solution with a ph below 7 is a
Acid
47
The human blood must maintain a ph of _________ to maintain homeostasis
7.35-7.45
48
Which substance would be the most basic
Urine with a ph of 6
49
A solute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in ph is
Acid
50
Inorganic compounds are important in the functions of
The heart, muscle contractions, and nerve impulses
51
Inorganic compounds whose ions conduct electric current in a solution is called a
Electrolyte
52
Carbohydrates are important because they provide _______ for the body
Energy
53
The most important monosaccharides that provides fuel for the body is
Glucose
54
The body stores glucose in the liver and muscles in the form of
Glycogen
55
Butter, fatty meat,and ice cream are examples of _______ fats
Saturated
56
Proteins consist of long chains of small molecules called
Amino acids
57
Amino acids are held together by _________ bonds
Peptide
58
Proteins differ from carbohydrates because they contain ________
Nitrogen
59
Nucleic acids differ from proteins because they contain
Phosphorus
60
Molecules that store and process genetic information are
Nucleic acids
61
DNA is structurally different from RNA because DNA contains a _______ helix
Double
62
The most important high energy compound in cells is
ATP
63
The 3 basic components of a nucleotide are
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
64
ATP
High energy compound
65
Amino acid
Protein
66
Cholesterol
Lipid
67
DNA
Nucleic acid
68
Glucose
Carbohydrate
69
RNA
Nucleic acid
70
Glycogen
Carbohydrate
71
Fatty acid
Lipid
72
Cytosine
Nucleic acid
73
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrate
74
Phospholipids
Lipid
75
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrate
76
Nucleotide
Nucleic acid
77
Cholesterol
Lipid
78
Thymine
Nucleic acid
79
The phosphate head of the phospholipid is
Hydrophilic
80
The plasma membrane is
Composed of a bi layer of lipids
81
The smallest living things are
Cells
82
What is the function of the plasma membrane
Selectively permeable membrane
83
The movement of water across a membrane from high to lower concentration is
Osmosis
84
The process by which oxygen molecules move across the cell membrane is called
Diffusion
85
In which type of solution would equilibrium exist
Isotonic
86
A process that requires ATP energy to move a substance across the membrane is called
Active transport
87
The control center for cellular operation is the
Nucleus
88
During the process of mitosis chromatids separate during
Anaphase
89
The sodium potassium pump ATP pump is an example of
Active transport
90
ATP releases a _______ to provide the energy required for the ATP pump
Phosphate
91
The movement of extra cellular material packaged in a vesicles for transport into the cell
Endocytosis
92
This process makes the exterior of the cell more positive than the interior of the cell
Electrical potential
93
Examples include receptors, channel carriers, enzymes, anchors and identifiers
Protein
94
The ATP pump pumps 3 of these out of the cell
Sodium
95
The ATP pump pumps 2 of these into the cell
Potassium
96
Functions includes a cell lubricant and a receptor for extra cellular materials
Carbohydrate
97
The movement of inter acellular material packaged in a vesicles for transport out of the cell
Exocytosis
98
Functions include a selective physical barrier
Lipids
99
Function include fluidity and to stabilize
Cholesterol
100
Which of the following is a function of epithelia tissue
Control permeability
101
Which of the following is a term used to describe the number of layers of epithelial cells
Stratified
102
Which type of epithelial lines the intentional tract
Simple columnar
103
Flattened cells on the surface of epithelial tissue are characteristic of
Squamous
104
Which of the following is found in neural tissue
Axon, dendrite, and body
105
Which of the following is a correct statement about stratified epithelia
They cover surfaces that are subjected to mechanical stresses
106
The connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is called
Tendons
107
The muscle tissue without straitions is called
Smooth
108
The muscle that contains intercalated disc sis called
Cardiac
109
Epithelial tissue located on the surface of the skin is called
Stratified squamous
110
Identify which of the following is fluid connective tissue
Lymph
111
The top layer of the skin is called
Epidermis
112
Name 4 shapes of the bone
Long, short, flat , irregular
113
State the 5 functions of the skeleton system
Structural support, storage, blood cell production, movement
114
Giant cell that contain acids and enzymes that release stored minerals in bone are called
Osteoclasts
115
Mature bone cell are called
Osteocytes
116
Ossification is the process that
Makes new bone cells
117
How many bones are in the skeleton
206
118
Solid bone contains
The basic unit called an osteon
119
Requirements for bone growth include
Vitamins A,C,D3, and calcium
120
Elevations and projections on the bone indicate
Places where tendons and ligaments attach
121
The clavicle, scapula, upper and lower, limbs and the pelvic belong to the
Appendicular skeleton
122
This is the most important mineral int he skeleton because it helps strengthen bones
Calcium
123
Osteopenia is the
Inadequate ossification of bone
124
The sacrum consists of ____ fused vertebrae
4
125
The _______ vertebrae are the most massive because they bear the most weight
Lumbar
126
The 1st seven ribs are called _____ and the last 5 ribs are called _____
True, false
127
The ilium bones fuse with the sacrum at the _________
Sacroiliac joint
128
This bone is the heaviest and the longest bone in the body
Femur
129
Except for the first vertebrae the vertebrae are separated by cushioned pads called
Intervertebrae discs
130
The shoulder and the hip are examples of _______ joints
Ball and socket
131
The knee and the elbow are examples of _____ joints
Hinge
132
The skull is an example of a _____ joint
Fixed
133
Connective tissues and it's location
Perimysium-surround Fascicle
epimysium- outer layer of muscle
endomysium- surround fiber
134
Name the muscle layers in order from the largest to the smallest layer
Muscle, Fascicle, fiber, mayo fibrils,filaments
135
The basic functional unit of a muscle is called a
Sarcomere
136
Where would you expect to find the greatest amount of calcium in the muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
137
Blood vessels and nerves are found in what connective layer
Perimysium
138
Thin filaments of the sarcomere consist of
Actin molecules
139
Tendons are collagen fibers that at the end of a skeletal muscle that
Attach muscle to bone
140
The functions of the layers of skeletal muscle that compromise the abdominal wall and the floor of the pelvic cavity is to
Support tissue
141
Voluntary control over swallowing, de faction, and urination is provided by skeletal muscles that
Guard entrances and exits
142
Skeletal muscle contract only under the control of the
Nervous system
143
The connection between the nervous system and the muscular system is called a
Neuromuscular junction
144
Skeletal muscle control is considered
Voluntary
145
This chemical is released when the action potential in a nerve cell reaches the axon terminal
Acetylcholine
146
The area between the axon terminal and the muscle is called the
Synaptic cleft
147
What ion binds to the active site on the thin filament that initiates contraction
Calcium
148
Once the active site is exposed during a contraction the _____ head binds to the thin filament forming a _____
Myosin, cross bridge
149
The shortening of muscle fibers is called
Sliding filament theory
150
What is the energy source needed for muscle contraction
ATP
151
An intense burst of energy results in rising levels of _______ causing a decline in ____
Lactic acid, energy reserves
152
Fibers that can reach peak tension very quickly after stimulation are called
Fast fibers
153
Athletes who run marathons typically have many _____ in their muscles because they need sustained endurance
Slow fibers
