EXAM Flashcards by Derek Valerio

is a complex whole
that encompasses beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, norms, laws,
artifacts, symbols, and knowledge
that a person learns and shares as a
member of society

Culture

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No formal punishment, but disapproval from others

Folkways

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Examines the social structure, the social institutions, social organizations and social groups.

Macrosiology

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Closed stratification systems where people can do little or nothing to change the social standing of their birth. The caste system determines all aspects of an individual’s life.

Caste

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is considered one of the greatest inventions of man since it is an essential tool in teaching and transferring knowledge from one generation to the other.

Language

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These are common in areas where crops cannot be supported and only have to move when the land in which the animals graze is no longer usable.

Pastoral Societies

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They use advanced sources of energy to run large machinery which led to industrialization

Industrial Societies

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Studies classical and modern politics.

political theory

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Give a country that practices the caste system

India and South Africa

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MORES- a Latin word that means?

custom

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Give 3 examples of Mores

Rape (formal punishment)

Adultery (no formal punishment)

Marrying a close relative

Marrying more than one person at a time

incest

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Give examples of Symbols

kissing the hands of the elderly (pagmamano) is a symbol of respect in most Asian countries, rings as a symbol of commitment, the white flag symbolizes surrendering, etc.

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This time, towns form, and cities emerged, job specialization increases, and the economy becomes more complex.

Agricultural Societies

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Rely on products obtained through the domestication and breeding of animals for transportation and food.

Pastoral Societies

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Studies how laws are made and being applied on a certain nation or state.

Constitutional Law

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• The scientific study of a society – its origin, development, networks, and functions.
• The study of relationships among people.

Sociology

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Consists of intangible and abstract objects. In Includes customs, tradition, habits, manners, attitude, beliefs, language, literature, art, law, religion etc.

Non-material culture

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marked such a great transformation in many of the world’s societies

Industrial Societies

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Brought about technological advances that improved people’s health and expanded their life spans

industrialization

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based on personal merit.

Meritocracy

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Consists of concrete and tangible objects like tools, implements, furniture, automobiles, books, buildings, dams etc. These concrete and tangible objects are man-made,

Material culture

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It also pertains to a group of individuals involved in social interaction or sharing the same geographical or social territory.

Society

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Main Branches of Cultural anthropology

Archeology
Anthropological Linguistics
Ethnology

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Represents the social structures and organizations of the people who share those beliefs and practices.

society

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•plays a major role in our day-to-day living •a strong part of people's lives

Culture

However, mores are not _____. Like folkways, they are subject to change, though more slowly, through time

fixed

• The science of humanity. • Is the study human beings, their origin, their societies, and their cultures. • It roots its observations to the origin of humans to understand fully the societies and cultures of the human organisms through time.

Anthropology

2 Major Approaches to Examine Human History

Macrolevel Perspective Microlevel Perspective

These are the customs or folkways a society needs to adhere to strictly. violation of mores usually has corresponding consequences

According to ___________, beliefs are the means by which people make sense of their experiences or ideas that they hold to be true, factual, and real.

Richley Crapo

the period from about 1750 to the late 1800

Industrial Revolution

Norms can be classified into three. What are these three?

1. Folkways 2. Mores 3. Law

are illustrations used to represent a particular meaning of something. People attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or image.

Symbols

warriors & rulers

Kshatriyas

Example of norms

pakisuyo in jeepneys

- it is defined as the custom beliefs, traits, and social forms that define a specific racial, religious, or social group.

Culture

Innovations in transportation led people to travel, work in factories and live in cities.

Industrial Societies

studies past cultures through tangible or material remains.

ARCHEOLOGY

The economy is dependent on tangible goods, people must pursue greater education and the new communications technology allows work to be performed from a variety of locations.

Post Industrial Societies

In Estate, What are the two that fall into the privilege category?

NOBILITY AND CLERGY

The system/body of persons by which a state or community is controlled so as to put order.

Government

It enables us to grasp the connection between history and biography within society.

Sociological imagination

Enumerate the Major Types of Social Stratification.

Caste Class Estate Slavery

Studies bureaucracies on how it is functional and how to improve it by certain theories.

Public Administration

They are often forced to relocate when the resources of the land are depleted or when the water supplies decrease.

Horticultural Societies

Give a country that practices the class system

United States

A type of culture that is being learned or observed by humans (e.g., religions, folk behavior, gestures, and customs)

Non-material Culture

Studies politics among nations.

International relation

Farmers, traders & merchants

Vaishyas

relates to morals. Morally wrong is defined by society. SOMETIMES formal punishment

the anthropological study of human languages where experts explain the difference of languages by culture and how it is constructed

ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS

is a society's standards and acceptable behavior.

norms

refers to “that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.” (E.B. Tylor 1920 [1871]).

Culture

Give at least 3 examples of Folkways

Not wearing white/ivory as a bride Picking nose in public Talking to yourself (loudly) in public Pagkakamay or eating with bare hands is a folkway in Filipino societies.

Productivity increases, and as long as there are plenty of food, people do not have to move.

Agricultural Societies

The members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants

Hunting and Gathering societies

describes a group of people who share a common territory and a culture.

society

A political approach wherein people of a particular race, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, social background, social class, or other identifying factors develop political agendas that are based upon these identities.

POLITICAL IDENTITIES

formalized mores that are legislated, approved, and implemented in society. - This are deliberately crafted to produce a highly organized society and establish stability & order.

Laws

a type of culture created that is tangible or created by a person (e.g., food, clothing, technology)

Material Culture

The world is visibly divided into different countries. Each country has its own ____________ to run its government.

political system

Give 3 examples of Beliefs

usog, bati, kulam

are the means by which people make sense of their experiences or ideas that they hold to be true, factual, and real.

Beliefs

Places more emphasis on the role of the individuals in society.

Microsiology

the study of what makes us human. Anthropologists take a broad approach to understand the many different aspects of the human experience, which we call holism. They consider the past, through archeology, to see how human groups lived hundreds or thousands of years ago and what was important to them.

Anthropology

It is mainly concerned about how humans emerged and evolved through time

PHYSICAL (BIOLOGICAL) ANTHROPOLOGY

The earliest forms of society. These are small and generally with less than 50 members and is nomadic.

Hunting and Gathering societies

People can distinguish good or bad through them, depending on the ____ of their society

norm

Give at least 3 examples of Laws

Running red lights, speeding, murder, rape, illegal drug use, minor in possession, DWI, DUI, theft, etc

- comes from the Greek word “politika” which means affairs of the cities. - It also refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance over a human community.

Politics

These societies rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables and plants in order to survive. Horticultural societies, however, are characterized by cultivating vegetation with simple tools and without large, permanent farms.

Horticultural Societies

A system of symbols that individuals utilize to communicate, interact, and share their views, thus, creating an understanding among individuals.

Language

written language and numbers began to be used

Agricultural Societies

the study of recent or present cultures

ethnology

Their economy is based on services and technology, not production.

Post Industrial Societies

It describes the relative social position of persons in a given social group, category, geographical region, or other social units.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

In Estate, What are the three that fall into the non privilege category?

BOURGEOISIE, PEASANTRY AND OUTCASTS

society is being shaped by the human mind, aided by computer technology

Postindustrial societies

According to ____________, symbols are illustrations used to represent a particular meaning of something. People attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or image.

Elizabeth Lawley

THEY RELY ON THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ORDER TO CULTIVATE CROPS IN LARGE AREAS, INCLUDING WHEAT, RICE, AND CORN.

Agricultural Societies

Priests & teachers

Brahmins

Gives emphasis to birth as well as wealth and possessions

Estate

2 Broad Fields of Anthropology

1. Physical Anthropology (Biological Anthropology) 2. Cultural Anthropology

a branch of social science concerned chiefly with the description and analysis of political and especially governmental institutions and processes

Political Science

Social stratification based on ascription or birth. Birth alone determines one's destiny. There is little opportunity for social mobility.

A caste system

Studies politics within other nations.

Comparative politics

Formal punishment, written rules. SOMETIMES associated with mores.

Laws

Subfields of Political Science

Comparative Politics International Relation Political Theory Public Administration Constitutional Law Public Policy

Represents the beliefs, practices, artifacts of a group

culture

Deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity and political behavior.

Political Science

According to him culture is a complex whole that encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, norms, laws, artifacts, symbols, and knowledge that a person learns and shares as a member of society.

Sir Edward Burnett Tylor

Give examples of values

saying po and opo is a Filipino value that signifies respect but that means nothing to international societies

marked a watershed in the development of human society

Agricultural Societies

It is basically concerned with the differences of cultures from time to time.

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior

Sociology

sociologists refer to a definable region – as small as a neighborhood to as large as the global regional context.

territory

Economic basis wherein the master shows power over a slave

Slavery

Street sweepers, latrine cleaners

Dalits (outcastes)

Studies the interface of politics and economics.

PUBLIC POLICY

• A person's position is based upon achievement • A society is separated into parties whose members have different access to resources and power

Class

Social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement. Even blood relatives may have different social standings.

A class system

The term transdisciplinary was used for the first time by the French psychologist and structuralist?

Jean Piaget

are norms that members of society have come to accept as the proper way of dealing with their everyday living and social interactions.

FOLKWAYS

Help shape a society by suggesting what is good and bad, beautiful and ugly, sought or avoided.

Values

Labourers

Shudras

Types of Societies accd. to sociologists

HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES PASTORAL SOCIETIES HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

A set of _____ in a specific society may be different from the set of it in its neighboring societies.

values