Exam

Question 1

Fertilization

Answer 1

Joining of the male and female gametes
- each gamete has 23 chromosomes; joined to form a cell with 46 chromosomes called a zygote
- Takes four days to reach the uterus

Question 2

Zona pellucida

Answer 2

Thin layer that covers the plasma membrane of the egg

Question 3

Acrasome after fertilization

Answer 3

Acrosome releases its enzymatic components
- the plasma membrane depolarizes, and other sperm are prevented from entering

Question 4

Zygote

Answer 4

Resulting single cell produced by fertilization
- Moves from one cell to 16 through a process of cleavage

Question 5

Cleavage

Answer 5

Process of cell division without cell enlargement

Question 6

Morula

Answer 6

Once the zygote reaches 16 cells
- begins to fill with fluid
- Reaches uterus 3 to 5 days after fertilization

Question 7

Blastocyst

Answer 7

Mass of cells with a hollow core
- Contains the embryo blast and the trophoblast

Question 8

Embryo blast

Answer 8

Develops into the embryo

Question 9

Tropho blast

Answer 9

Forms the outer layer and will develop into the Corion
- implants to endometrium between days five and seven
- secretes enzymes that digest the endometrium and the blast sinks into the layer

Question 10

Implantation

Answer 10

The nestling of the blastocyst into the endometrium
- Complete by day 10 to 14

Question 11

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Answer 11

Hormone that maintains the corpus luteum
- Secreted by the trophoblast
- maintain the secretion of oestrogen and progesterone
- function later replaced by placenta

Question 12

Amniotic cavity

Answer 12

Space form between the inner cell mass and the trophoblast

Question 13

Gastrulation

Answer 13

The embryonic disk forms into three layers
- Ectoderm: nervous system, epididymis
-Miso Durm: skeleton, muscles, reproductive system
-Endoderm: lining of the digestive and respiratory system systems, endocrine glands

Question 14

Gastrula

Answer 14

Embryo that has gone through gastrulation

Question 15

How does the development in organs and organ systems occur?

Answer 15

Growth: cell division
Morphogenesis: development of body form and structure
Differentiation: enable cells to develop particular shape and function

Question 16

Neurulation

Answer 16

Forming of the neural tube that will develop into the brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Extra embryonic membranes

Answer 17

Structures that support the embryo

Question 18

Allantois

Answer 18

Forms the umbilical cord

Question 19

Amnion

Answer 19

Fills with amniotic fluid to protect embryo from trauma and temperature changes and allows freedom of movement

Question 20

Chorion

Answer 20

Outermost membrane informs foetal part of the placenta

Question 21

Yolk sac

Answer 21

Produces the first blood cells and contributes to the formation of the digestive tract

Question 22

Placenta

Answer 22

Were metabolic exchange happens
- Fully formed by 10 weeks
- Exchangers O2, nutrients, CO2, water, vitamins, and minerals, urea, antibodies, hormones, and drugs

• secretes, estrogen, progesterone and hCG

Question 23

Teratogens

Answer 23

Environmental agents that induced developmental abnormalities
- most dangerous in the first trimester

Question 24

Foetus

Answer 24

Nine weeks to birth

Question 25

Parturition

Answer 25

Birthing process/labor - begins with uterine contraction - Positive feedback

Question 26

Lactation

Answer 26

The secretion information of breastmilk

Question 27

How do prolactin and oxytocin help with lactation?

Answer 27

Prolactin, is secreted after birth and milk. Production begins after a few days. Oxytocin causes contractions in the memory lobules , releasing milk

Question 28

In vitro fertilization

Answer 28

Immature eggs are retrieved from follicles - eggs are combined with sperm in glassware and then inserted into the uterus or oviduct

Question 29

Artificial insemination

Answer 29

Sperm are deposited into the uterus, not natural naturally

Question 30

Surgical sterilization

Answer 30

The blockage of reproductive passageway - Vasectomy/tubal ligation - still produce eggs/sperm

Question 31

Hormonal birth control

Answer 31

Maintain progesterone and or oestrogen

Question 32

CVS and Amniocentesis

Answer 32

Chronic villa sampling or sample of amniotic fluid to test foetal DNA for abnormalities

Question 33

First trimester development

Answer 33

Blast this into embryo, continue growth, all organs are formed, mapped out limbs and organs, increase blood volume by 50%, oxygen, hard as the first organ, beats at 157 bpm, face is formed, eyes, steeping reflex

Question 34

Second trimester development

Answer 34

Sex organs, human look, movements being controlled by brain, CNS, active, heart, regulated, hardening bones, functioning, and fully grown baby, hand before feet, preparation

Question 35

Third trimester development

Answer 35

Development of the senses, pint of fluid every day, memory, strong movement, left/right handed, head first, hearing stimulated, hear, foetal heart, eyelashes, develops into reflexes, hiccup, 90% of time sleeping, lungs to the last organ