Exam

Question 1

What is a discrete skill

Answer 1

A skill that has a clear beginning and end,

Question 2

Explain how two different causes of stress could affect sports performance.

Answer 2

• the performer has a fear of failure / poor performance
  they think they will lose and therefore go with poor attitude and no ‘will to win’

-the performer knows that there is an audience and knows that there will be evaluation from others
the performer really cares what the audience think which causes stress levels to rise as they worry they are not good enough

Question 3

Identify two somatic stress management techniques.

Answer 3

progressive muscular relaxation / PMR

breathing control

Question 4

Identify 4 other cognitive stress management techniques used by sports performers.

Answer 4

Positive thinking/ self-talk
Negative thought stopping / count to 10
Rational thinking
Mental rehearsal
Mindfulness
Goal setting

Question 5

Define the term ‘stress’.

Answer 5

a state of mental / emotional strain

Question 6

one cognitive method of stress management and give a sporting example of how it could be used.

Answer 6

Goal setting - A rugby player may set a goal to win 3 lineouts

Question 7

Identify one somatic method of stress management and give a sporting example of how it could be used.

Answer 7

Breathing control - A rugby player takes deep slow breaths before taking a conversion

Question 8

Define stress and identify one cause of stress.

Answer 8

A state of mental / emotional strain

Crowd / evaluation by observers

Question 9

Describe mindfulness as a method of stress management.

Answer 9

Focusing on the present

Question 10

Suggest one disadvantage of using mindfullness

Answer 10

Takes time to practice

Question 11

What does Progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) involve?

Answer 11

Tensing and relaxing muscles working through the body

Question 12

What is the purpose of Biofeedback?

Answer 12

To collect data about physiological responses to enable athletes to understand and control their body responses

Question 13

How does Biofeedback help individuals?

Answer 13

It uses monitors to enable the individual to control brain activity

Question 14

What is the main focus of Centring?

Answer 14

Helps the performer to focus on or redirects the energy to the centre of their body

Question 15

What techniques does Breathing control use?

Answer 15

Deep, slow breathing techniques, such as breathe in for 4, out for 4

Question 16

what is a serial skill

Answer 16

A skill that contains several discrete elements which are linked together in a sequence.

‘skills which are linked together into a routine’

Question 17

what is a continuous skill

Answer 17

A skill that has no clear beginning or end and is repeated in a cyclical fashion

Question 18

what are the advantages of the multistore memory model

Answer 18

simple
explains how large amounts of information can be filtered
explains how information that is rehersed can be retrived from LTM

Question 19

what are the disadvantages of the multistore memory model

Answer 19

too simple
has not been proven
doesn’t take into account how different people may have different storage capacities

Question 19

describe the triadic model

Answer 19

The triadic model explains that attitudes are made up of three components:
Cognitive (beliefs),
Affective (emotions), and
Behavioural (actions).
These components together influence how a person feels and behaves towards an attitude object, such as a sport or activity.

Question 20

what is affective in the triadic model

Answer 20

how we feel towards something/someone

Question 21

what is cognitive in the triadic model

Answer 21

how think about something/someone

our beliefs

Question 22

what is behavioural in the triadac model

Answer 22

how we act towards someone/something

Question 22

Evaluate the use of the cognitive theory of learning for teaching skills to a beginner - pros

Answer 22

develops problem solving
develops better understanding
develops kinaesthetic

Question 22

why may bad attitudes be formed

Answer 22

past experiences peers family lack of role models stereotypes

Question 23

Explain when the presence of an audience could have a negative effect on a performer

Answer 23

when audience causes overarousal when the skill is fine when the skill is complex cognitive performer proximity to performer

Question 24

Evaluate the use of the cognitive theory of learning for teaching skills to a beginner - cons

Answer 24

performer might not have past experiences to draw back on skill may be too complex learner may loose motivation

Question 25

what is a fine skill

Answer 25

a skill witch requires small muscle groups

Question 26

what is a complex skill

Answer 26

a skill that requires alot of decision making

Question 27

what is a disadvantage of extrinsic motivation

Answer 27

does not encourage instrinsic motivation

Question 28

at what stage does selective attention occur in the Atkinson's sensory model

Answer 28

sensory store

Question 29

what types of practices may a coach use for a cognitive learner who is learning to perform a layup

Answer 29

Distributed - so the performer gets feedback part - so the performer can get individual elements correct whole - so the performer can get a kinaesthetic feel

Question 30

Discuss the factors that could affect how successful the process of social / observational learning is.

Answer 30

relevancy status age/ gender attractiveness a performer who is driven a performer who has a larger attention span

Question 31

Discuss the theories of how an individual’s personality may be formed

Answer 31

inherited, leads to predictable behaviour effected by the environment shaped by those environment personality is a mixture of both traits and interactions with the environment leads to unpredictable environment

Question 32

Explain three somatic stress management techniques that a performer could use to help them control their stress levels.

Answer 32

pmr deep breathing centering

Question 33

what is centring

Answer 33

redirects the energy to the centre